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international journal of management ijm volume 11 issue 11 november 2020 pp 409 417 article id ijm 11 11 041 available online at http iaeme com home issue ijm volume ...

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              International Journal of Management (IJM) 
              Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2020, pp. 409-417. Article ID: IJM_11_11_041 
              Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=11 
              Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com 
              ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 
              DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.11.2020.041 
               
              © IAEME Publication          Scopus Indexed 
               
               AN ANALYSIS OF USING STYLISTIC TOOLS IN 
                 TEACHING POETRY AT GRADUATE LEVEL 
                                                Abdul Majeed Rana 
                         Faculty of Management Sciences, ILMA University Karachi, Pakistan 
                  ABSTRACT 
                     This research explores the idea of effectiveness of using stylistics tools in teaching 
                  poetry at Graduation level. The poems were selected from ‘A New Anthology of English 
                  Verse’ compiled by “Kaneez Aslam”. This Anthology is the part of syllabus of Punjab 
                  University for Graduation. Only five poems were selected out of the book. The research 
                  analyzed the teaching of the poems through the use of stylistic tools with a view of 
                  making  their  meanings  explicit.  It  is  worth  noting  that  stylistics,  as  a  scientific 
                  discipline, is really beneficial to those who are teaching English; no matter whether 
                  English is their native, second or the foreign language. Not only the foreign students 
                  but also the native speakers of English language can benefit from stylistics especially 
                  the  students  of  graduate  level  can  learn  linguistics  besides  literary  competence. 
                  Nowadays, stylistics, as a branch of linguistics can help in having logical and scientific 
                  understanding of the literary texts. 
                  Keywords: Graduation, poetry, stylistic tools, teaching. 
                  Cite  this  Article:  Abdul  Majeed  Rana,  An  Analysis  of  Using  Stylistic  Tools  in 
                  Teaching Poetry  at Graduate Level, International Journal of Management,  11 (11), 
                  2020, pp. 409-417. 
                  http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=11 
              1. INTRODUCTION 
              It is worth noting that stylistics, as a scientific discipline, is beneficial for those who are teaching 
              and studying English language either as a native, second or the foreign one. Not only foreign 
              students but also the native speakers of English language can benefit from stylistics. They can 
              get linguistic competence beside literary competence. Nowadays, stylistics, with its tools and 
              methods of linguistics, can helps in having a logical and scientific understanding of the literary 
              texts. 
                  The rapid growth of linguistics as an independent discipline and its application literature 
              has opened new horizons in the field of literary criticism in the twentieth century. There is a 
              number of recent developments in and around linguistics which deserve to be better known to 
                http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM       409                        editor@iaeme.com 
                                                       Abdul Majeed Rana 
                literary critics  for they  point  to the  newer  ways  of  reading. Hence,  literary criticism, as  a 
                discipline, has always welcomed innovation. 
                    Since linguistics is  the  study of language, it is  imperative for a  linguist to  know what 
                language is. Language is a very complex human phenomenon; all attempts to define it have 
                proved  inadequate.  In  a  nut-shell  language  is  an  ‘organized  noise’  used  in  actual  social 
                situations. 
                    Language is a symbolic system based on arbitrary conventions   infinitely extendable and 
                modifiable according to the changing needs and conditions of the speaker. So learning multiple 
                languages is important, no matter where in the world you are. One language that is incredibly 
                important to learn, however, is English. While this might seem like an elitist point of view, it 
                actually is not; because of the number and power of the countries that do speak English, English 
                has become the language that is the international business language. Because of the importance 
                of business in our society, English has become credibly important to be learnt. Those who learn 
                English as foreign language, learn the basis of every level of schooling which is hard and more 
                challenging for the students. It is incredibly important for them. So we can say the teaching of 
                English language to students with different first languages is very important. Teaching English 
                can occur either within the state school system or more privately, at a language school with a 
                tutor.  
                    Language  is  Allah’s  special  gift  to  mankind.  Without  language  civilization  would  have 
                remained impossibility. Language is ubiquitous (ever present). It is present everywhere in our 
                thoughts and dreams, prayers and meditations, relations and communications. Besides being a 
                means of communication and storehouse of the knowledge, it is an instrument of thinking as 
                well a source of delight (e.g. singing). It transfers the knowledge from person to another; and 
                from one generation to another. Language is also the maker and unmaker of human relationship. 
                Without language man would have remained dumb animal. It is our ability to communicate 
                through words that makes us different from animals. For its omnipresence, language is often 
                taken for granted. 
                    Usually it is observed that the students of B.A learn only summaries and some questions 
                given in handbooks of poetry and pass the examination but they do not know the real spirit of 
                poetry. There is also another problem that mostly the writer oriented approach is used to teach 
                poetry, there is utmost need that students should be taught poetry by using poetry oriented 
                approach .They should be made to learn the scientific analysis of poems also. As a course 
                offered in M.A TEFL is to analyze stylistically poems of Pakistani poets. In MA English also 
                there is a need of doing applied linguistics on any poem. It is, therefore, disheartening that the 
                performance of students has been very poor. This has been attributed to the poor teaching of 
                stylistics through poetry which is an important fever of literature. The researcher is going to 
                find out the solution of poor performance in stylistics analysis with the use of various strategies 
                which may be very effective for teaching stylistic analysis through poetry. The study will also 
                examine the effects of stylistics tools on student’s achievement in poetic literature. 
                2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 
                To enable the students of graduation to analyze poetry stylistically and to enable the them in 
                exploiting poems through particular stylistic tools. 
                    We hope that the findings of this study would lead us to find out effective strategies for 
                using stylistics tools  in teaching poetry. It is also  hoped that  study  will  improve student`s 
                achievements and make poetry a pleasant pursuit. It is also possible that result of this research 
                could be a use to curriculum designers and textbook writers. It is also expected that the final 
                project may give certain advantages to the students who need some additional information about 
                better understanding of the stylistic tools used in poetry. 
                  http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM            410                           editor@iaeme.com 
                             An Analysis of Using Stylistic Tools in Teaching Poetry at Graduate Level 
                3. LITERATURE REVIEW  
                A question prior to ‘What is good teaching?’ is ‘What is teaching?’ What, indeed. As teachers 
                we may find this bald question strangely difficult to answer. It is just what we do, in lectures, 
                classes, seminars, workshops, tutorials, by telephone, in teaching texts, websites, online. We 
                study literary texts and movements, theoretical and critical works, performances and so forth, 
                and analyze and discuss them with our students; we try to help our students become better at 
                expressing their ideas and feelings verbally, in writing, creatively; we mark and assess their 
                work. But, whatever we might reply, we are unlikely these days to say simply, Well, ‘we tell 
                them what we know’. And this is in large part owing to an extraordinarily popular and pervasive 
                force in higher education known as the ‘Student Learning’ movement. Indeed, so successfully 
                has attention been shifted from teachers/teaching to learners/learning in recent times, at least in 
                Britain and Australia, that it is almost shocking to see the question ‘What is teaching?’ asked at 
                all. In so far as the movement has helped us think of teaching as a means to an end rather than 
                an end in itself the effect has been salutary, for teaching is, of course, a means to an end – a 
                complex of activities, strategies, mechanisms, invitations, stimuli and rhetorical ploys designed 
                to help students learn and to become better learners. 
                    On this view of things, the teachers’ job is of course mainly to foster a deep-level approach 
                to study among their students, and to encourage the students to reflect on the ways in which 
                they study and learn. This the teacher can do by devising appropriate study activities and, 
                especially, assessment tasks, for students adopt an approach determined by their expectations 
                of what is required of them.  
                    Lots of profound researches done earlier consolidated the hypothesis of the present study. 
                According to Maley and Duff (1989), “Poetry offers a rich resource for language learning. A 
                poem offers a readymade semantic field for learners to enter”. Benton, M., & Fox, G. (1987) 
                affirmed “the main objective of using poetry in language lessons is to find a means of involving 
                the learners in using their language skills in an active and creative way and thus to contribute 
                to the development of their communicative competence”. Moore, (2002) was of the view that 
                in-depth reading and close analysis of text in pairs or other small groupings can make poetry an 
                integral part of the English classroom. “As with other poetic forms, pattern poems can promote 
                a number of positive learning functions” (Holmes & Moulton, 2001). Rebecca Scudder, (2012) 
                an  ESL  teacher  recommended  using  poetry  with  “predictable  language  patterns,  repeated 
                words,  phrases,  lines,  and  identifiable  rhymes”  so  that  they  are  easier  for  students  to  read. 
                McCarthy, Carol (2009) offered “a number of ideas for guiding students in their exploration of 
                poetry  from  their  own  cultures”.  According  to  Hughes,  (2007),  “poetry  offers  wonderful 
                opportunities for reading, writing, speaking, and listening practice for EFLs”. Poetry also gives 
                students a chance to expand vocabulary knowledge, to play with language, and to work with 
                different rhythms. Stylistics in the early twenty-first century is very much alive and well. Upon 
                the exploration of texts (may it be literary or non-literary) by the utilization of stylistics, this 
                method of inquiry has an important reflexive capacity insofar as it can shed light on the very 
                language  system  it  derives  from;  it  tells  us  about  the  ‘rules’  of  language  because  it  often 
                explores texts where these rules are bent, distended or stretched to breaking point. Interest in 
                language is always at the fore in contemporary stylistic analysis which is why you should never 
                undertake to do stylistics unless you are interested in language”. Carter (1996: 5) argues on the 
                relevance  of  stylistics  for  literature  teaching  stating  that  stylistic  analysis  helps  to  foster 
                interpretative skills and to encourage reading between the lines. He further posits the advantages 
                of stylistics stating that “stylistics provides students with a method of scrutinizing texts, ‘a way 
                in’ to a text, opening up starting points for fuller  interpretation. The method is detailed and 
                explicit, it shows how you reach or begin to reach an interpretation. From a teaching point of 
                view, students  learn to  open a text not only  by  osmosis but  explicitly  and consciously. A 
                  http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM            411                           editor@iaeme.com 
                                                       Abdul Majeed Rana 
                pedagogically  sensitive  stylistics  can  give  students  increased  confidence  in  reading  and 
                interpretation”. Carter`s (1996) emphasis on how stylistics can be a useful tool in the literature 
                class  is  of  paramount  importance  since  literature  study  has  generally  caused  a  feeling  of 
                apprehensiveness in the pedagogy of teaching English as a foreign or second language.  EFL 
                context is no exception in this sense. In a very detailed survey regarding literature teaching in 
                the EFL context, Akyel and Yalçin (1990) posit that the lack of pedagogical approaches that 
                target development of language competence and awareness seems to be a prevailing fact. The 
                aforementioned  “apprehensiveness”  is  even  more  ascendant  when  it  comes  to  analysis  of 
                poetry. In another study, Akyel (1995) argues that although poems have a lot to offer to EFL 
                students, “because of the ‘unusual’ features of poetic language, teachers either do not seem to 
                be  much  interested  in  using  poetry  in  the  classroom,  or  they  cannot  communicate  their 
                enthusiasm to their students”.  Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s notion about poetry as something 
                like ‘the best words in the best order’ substantiates the point that poetry can give a strong feel 
                about language. The aforesaid views of researchers discarded traditional method of teaching 
                poetry but substantiated the idea of introducing stylistics based approach for teaching poetry in 
                ESL classroom.  
                    Usually it is observed that the students of B.A learn only summaries and some questions 
                given in handbooks of poetry and pass the examination but they do not know the real spirit of 
                poetry. There is another problem also that mostly the writer oriented approach is used to teach 
                poetry, there is utmost need that students should be taught poetry by using poetry oriented 
                approach .They should be made to learn the scientific analysis of poems also .As one of the 
                courses offered in M.A TEFL is to analyze stylistically poems of Pakistani poets. In MAEnglish 
                also there is a need of doing applied linguistics on any poem. It is, therefore, disheartening that 
                the performance of students has been very poor. This has been attributed to the poor teaching 
                of stylistics through poetry which is an important fever of literature. The researcher is going to 
                find out the solution of poor performance in stylistics analysis with the use of various strategies 
                which may be very effective for teaching stylistic analysis through poetry. The study will also 
                examine the effects of stylistics tools on student’s achievement in poetic literature. 
                4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 
                This  research  is  designed  both  on  qualitative  and  quantitative  methods.    The  research  is 
                conducted by using experimental research design. The researcher tried to get the results from 
                his  research  that  was  conducted  at  Government  collage  for  women  Qila  Didar  Singh, 
                Gujranwala. The researcher observed that being an Urdu medium institution no special effort 
                was being made to teach poetry to the students of graduation level by the teachers. Traditional 
                method of teaching i.e. Summary Method and answer question method were being used in most 
                of the government institutions and this  college is expected to be  following this method of 
                teaching. The focus of the teacher is to teach students by using stylistic tools in teaching poetry. 
                The collection of data was a vital part of the research and for which different means of data 
                collection were selected. 
                    Research design is experimental. As research instruments pretest is taken and after the 
                special treatment by using stylistics tools to the experimental group a post test is taken. 
                     “A New Anthology of English Verses” for graduate level prescribed by Punjab University 
                Lahore. For two weeks the experimental group will be taught stylistically. 
                    This study is delimited in the two following ways. 
                     Here only the 10 stylistics devices are taken into consideration.  
                    Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Rhythm, Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance, Climax,   
                Hyperbole and Irony 
                    ii. Only the following five poems are exploited for teaching stylistic devices: 
                  http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM            412                           editor@iaeme.com 
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...International journal of management ijm volume issue november pp article id available online at http iaeme com home impact factor calculated by gisi www jifactor issn print and doi publication scopus indexed an analysis using stylistic tools in teaching poetry graduate level abdul majeed rana faculty sciences ilma university karachi pakistan abstract this research explores the idea effectiveness stylistics graduation poems were selected from a new anthology english verse compiled kaneez aslam is part syllabus punjab for only five out book analyzed through use with view making their meanings explicit it worth noting that as scientific discipline really beneficial to those who are no matter whether native second or foreign language not students but also speakers can benefit especially learn linguistics besides literary competence nowadays branch help having logical understanding texts keywords cite introduction studying either one they get linguistic beside its methods helps rapid growth...

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