10 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF COMMON IONIC CHARGES
               HYDROGEN                                             KEY                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HELIUM
                    +
                  H
                HYDRIDE                                                                        Name of ion                                                                                                                                                                                 He
                    –
                  H                                                        LITHIUM                                              Elements for which no ion is shown are 
                LITHIUM        BERYLLIUM                                       +                                                   those which do not commonly form                                          BORON          CARBON          NITRIDE          OXIDE         FLUORIDE         NEON
                     +               2+                                    Li                  Ion formula                                                                                                                                      3–             2–               –
                Li            Be                                                                                                  ions, or superheavy elements whose                                          B               C            N               O                F              Ne
                                                                                                                                     chemistry is currently unknown.
                SODIUM        MAGNESIUM                              When there is more than one common ion,                                                                                                ALUMINIUM        SILICON       PHOSPHIDE        SULFIDE        CHLORIDE         ARGON
                                                                     the more common ion is shown on top.
                      +              2+                                                                                                                                                                          3+                            3–              2–               –
               Na            Mg                                                                                                                                                                            Al                Si             P               S              Cl              Ar
               POTASSIUM        CALCIUM        SCANDIUM      TITANIUM(IV)    VANADIUM(III)  CHROMIUM(III)   MANGANESE(II)     IRON(III)      COBALT(II)      NICKEL(II)     COPPER(II)         ZINC          GALLIUM       GERMANIUM        ARSENIDE       SELENIDE        BROMIDE         KRYPTON
                    +                2+             3+          Ti4+            V3+            Cr3+           Mn2+            Fe3+            Co2+            Ni2+           Cu2+                 2+              3+             4+              3–              2–              –
                K             Ca              Sc             TITANIUM(III)   VANADIUM(V)    CHROMIUM(II)   MANGANESE(IV)      IRON(II)       COBALT(III)     NICKEL(III)     COPPER(I)     Zn              Ga             Ge              As              Se               Br              Kr
                                                                Ti3+            V5+            Cr2+           Mn4+            Fe2+            Co3+            Ni3+            Cu+
                RUBIDIUM       STRONTIUM       YTTRIUM        ZIRCONIUM       NIOBIUM(V)     MOLYBDENUM      TECHNETIUM    RUTHENIUM(III)     RHODIUM      PALLADIUM(II)      SILVER         CADMIUM         INDIUM          TIN(IV)      ANTIMONY(III)    TELLURIDE        IODIDE          XENON
                      +             2+             3+               4+         Nb5+                 6+             7+         Ru3+                 3+        Pd2+                  +              2+             3+         Sn4+            Sb3+                2–             –
               Rb             Sr               Y              Zr             NIOBIUM(III)   Mo               Tc            RUTHENIUM(IV)    Rh             PALLADIUM(IV)    Ag             Cd               In               TIN(II)      ANTIMONY(V)     Te                 I             Xe
                                                                               Nb3+                                           Ru4+                           Pd4+                                                           Sn2+            Sb5+
                CAESIUM         BARIUM                         HAFNIUM        TANTALUM        TUNGSTEN        RHENIUM         OSMIUM          IRIDIUM      PLATINUM(IV)      GOLD(III)     MERCURY(II)     THALLIUM(I)      LEAD(II)      BISMUTH(III)    POLONIUM(II)     ASTATIDE         RADON
                      +              2+       La–Lu                 4+             5+              6+              7+              4+             4+          Pt4+           Au3+            Hg2+             Tl+           Pb2+             Bi3+           Po2+                 –
               Cs             Ba                             Hf              Ta              W Re Os Ir                                                     PLATINUM(II)      GOLD(I)       MERCURY(I)     THALLIUM(III)    LEAD(IV)       BISMUTH(V)     POLONIUM(IV)     At              Rn
                                                                                                                                                              Pt2+            Au+             Hg+            Tl3+           Pb4+             Bi5+           Po4+
               FRANCIUM         RADIUM                      RUTHERFORDIUM      DUBNIUM       SEABORGIUM       BOHRIUM         HASSIUM       MEITNERIUM     DARMSTADTIUM    ROENTGENIUM     COPERNICIUM      NIHONIUM       FLEROVIUM       MOSCOVIUM      LIVERMORIUM     TENNESSINE      OGANESSON
                     +               2+       Ac–Lr                 4+              5+             6+              7+              4+
                Fr            Ra                              Rf             Db              Sg             Bh              Hs                Mt             Ds              Rg              Cn             Nh               Fl             Mc              Lv              Ts             Og
                                                              LANTHANUM        CERIUM       PRASEODYMIUM     NEODYMIUM      PROMETHIUM     SAMARIUM(III)   EUROPIUM(III)    GADOLINIUM       TERBIUM       DYSPROSIUM       HOLMIUM         ERBIUM          THULIUM      YTTERBIUM(III)    LUTETIUM
                                                                    3+              3+             3+               3+              3+       Sm3+             Eu3+                3+              3+              3+             3+              3+              3+         Yb3+                3+
                                                             La              Ce              Pr             Nd             Pm SAMARIUM(II)                  EUROPIUM(II)   Gd              Tb              Dy             Ho               Er            Tm              YTTERBIUM(II)   Lu
                                                                                                                                             Sm2+             Eu2+                                                                                                          Yb2+
                                                               ACTINIUM        THORIUM     PROTACTINIUM(V)  URANIUM(VI)      NEPTUNIUM     PLUTONIUM(IV)   AMERICIUM(III)     CURIUM      BERKELIUM(III)   CALIFORNIUM     EINSTEINIUM      FERMIUM      MENDELEVIUM(II)  NOBELIUM(II)   LAWRENCIUM
                                                                                                   5+             6+                              4+              3+                             3+                                                              2+             2+
                                                                    3+              4+         Pa              U                   5+         Pu             Am                    3+        Bk                  3+              3+               3+       Md              No                   3+
                                                             Ac              Th            PROTACTINIUM(IV) URANIUM(IV)     Np             PLUTONIUM(VI)   AMERICIUM(IV)  Cm BERKELIUM(IV)                 Cf              Es             Fm MENDELEVIUM(III)             NOBELIUM(III)   Lr
                                                                                                   4+             4+                              6+              4+                             4+                                                              3+             3+
                                                                                               Pa              U                              Pu             Am                              Bk                                                            Md              No
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