Introduction to 
                              Powder X-Ray Diffraction
                                                             History
                                                      Basic Principles
                                                                                                   Folie.1
                                                                                                   © 2001  Bruker AXS   All Rights Reserved
                      History: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
                            Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered 1895 the X-rays. 1901 he was 
                            honoured by the Noble prize for physics. In 1995 the German Post
                            edited a stamp, dedicated to W.C. Röntgen.
                                                                                                   Basics-in-XRD.2
                                                                                                   © 2001  Bruker AXS   All Rights Reserved
                         The Principles of an X-ray Tube
                                                                   X-Ray
                                    Cathode         Fast electrons
                                                                                      Anode
                                                                 focus
                                                                                                       Basics-in-XRD.3
                                                                                                       © 2001  Bruker AXS   All Rights Reserved
                    The Principle of Generation Bremsstrahlung
                                                                                      Ejected
                                                                                      electron
                                                                                   (slowed down 
                                                                                   and changed 
                                                                                     direction)
                                                        nucleus
                              Fast incident 
                                 electron
                                                            electrons
                                         Atom of the anodematerial
                                                                                     X-ray
                                                                                                     Basics-in-XRD.4
                                                                                                     © 2001  Bruker AXS   All Rights Reserved