Recap: last session
  1. Outline the difference between descriptive statistics and 
   inferential statistics? 
  2. The null hypothesis predicts that there will be a 
   significant difference? True/false.
  3. Shorthand for the null hypothesis is Ho? True/false
  4. What are Inferential statistics? 
  5. Why are Levels of measurement important?
  6. Ordinal data is data that is measured on a scale? 
   True/false
  7. Why is it necessary to have a Null hypothesis? 
   1. Outline the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics?
   Summarising data vs. allowing you to see whether the research hypothesis or null 
   hypothesis is retained
   2. The null hypothesis predicts that there will be a significant difference? 
    True/false.
   False
   3. Shorthand for the null hypothesis is Ho? True/false
   True
   4. What are Inferential statistics?
   Tests designed to assess whether we reject or retain the null hypothesis.
   5. Why are Levels of measurement important? 
   To know which is the most appropriate descriptive statistic to calculate, which 
   graph to use and which inferential test to use we need to establish what the level 
   of measurement is.
   6. Ordinal data is data that is measured on a scale? True/false
   False
   7. Why is it necessary to have a Null? 
   Eliminates bias. Forces researcher to accept the view that the two sets of data has 
   occurred through chance. Means there is no other conclusions that can be made
  The Null hypothesis is usually stated as :-
  There will be no difference between X and Y or 
  any difference will be due to chance effects.
   A team of psychologists was interested in studying the effects of alcohol on peoples' 
   reaction times. Earlier research suggested that an increase in reaction time was due to the 
   alcohol rather than peoples' expectations of alcohol. The psychologists recruited two 
   groups of volunteers (an independent groups design) from a local university. Each 
   participant's reaction time was measured by using a computer game.
   The participants were then given a drink. The first group received a drink containing a large 
   measure of strong alcohol; the second group received an identical drink without alcohol, 
   but with a strong alcoholic smell. Finally, all participants were required to play the 
   computer game again to assess their reaction time. Once they had completed the task, 
   they were then thanked for their time and allowed to leave.
   What is the IV?
    whether the participants have had an alcoholic drink or one that is not alcoholic but smells 
   as if it is
   What is the DV? 
   reaction times on a computer game
   Null hypothesis:  
   There will be no difference between the university students‘ reaction times on a computer 
   game between those who have had an alcoholic drink or one that is not alcoholic but 
   smells as if it contains alcohol; any differences are due to chance factors.
   A teacher in a small secondary school wanted to find out whether there was any truth in 
   her idea that students who used a computer regularly for their homework achieved 
   higher exam grades than those who did not. She decided to interview a sample of 30 
   students taken from across the school. She tape-recorded all the interviews. She later 
   obtained their end of year exam grades from their reports.
   What is the IV?
   whether the participants used a computer regularly for their homework or didn’t use a 
   computer regularly for their homework.
   What is the DV?
   Exam grade achieved 
   Null hypothesis: 
   There will be no difference between the exam grades achieved at the end of year 
   between those who regularly used a computer to complete homework and those who did 
   not regularly use a computer to complete homework; any differences are due to chance 
   factors.
             Page 8-9 complete assessment 8a and 8b