INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
                     MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL SONEPAT E-NOTES , Subject :
                    Automobile Engineering,  Subject Code: 171763 , Course:
                     Diploma , Branch : Mechanical Engineering , Sem-6th  , 
                   ( Prepared By: Mr. Ishank , Assistant Professor , MED)
            INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE
               An Automobile is a self propelled vehicle which contains the power source for its
               propulsion and is used for carrying passengers and goods on the ground, such as car, bus,
               trucks, etc.,,
            TYPES OF AUTOMOBILE
            On the basis of load –
            1. Heavy transport vehicle (HTV) or heavy motor vehicle (HMV),
            2. Light transport vehicle (LTV), Light motor vehicle (LMV).
             On the basis of wheels –
            1. Two wheeler vehicle, for example: Scooter, motorcycle, scooty, etc. 
            2. Three wheeler vehicle, for example: Auto rickshaw. 
            3. Three wheeler scooter for handicaps and tempo, etc.
            4. Four wheeler vehicle, for example: Car, jeep, trucks, buses, etc. 
            5. Six wheeler vehicle, for example: Big trucks with two gear axles.
             On the basis of fuel used –
            1. Petrol vehicle, e.g. motorcycle, scooter, cars, etc
            2. Diesel vehicle, e.g. trucks, buses, etc.
            3. Electric vehicle which use battery to drive.
            4. Steam vehicle, e.g. an engine which uses steam engine.
            5. Gas vehicle, e.g. LPG and CNG vehicles, where LPG is liquefied.
             On the basis of body style –
            1. Sedan Hatchback car.
            2. Coupe car Station wagon Convertible.
            3. Van Special purpose vehicle, e.g. ambulance, milk van, etc.
             On the basis of Transmission –
            1. Conventional vehicles with manual transmission, e.g. car with 5 gears.
            2. Semi-automatic
            3. Automatic: In automatic transmission, gears are not required to be changed manually.
             On the basis of drive –
            1. Left hand drive
            2. Right hand drive
             On the basis of driving axle –
                      INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
                   MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL SONEPAT E-NOTES , Subject :
                  Automobile Engineering,  Subject Code: 171763 , Course:
                   Diploma , Branch : Mechanical Engineering , Sem-6th  , 
                 ( Prepared By: Mr. Ishank , Assistant Professor , MED)
           1. Front wheel drive
           2. Rear wheel drive
           3. All wheel drive
            On the basis piston of engine –
           1. Engine in Front - Most of the vehicles have engine in the front. Example: most of the
             cars,
           2. Engine in the Rear Side Very few vehicles have engine located in the rear. Example: Nano
             car.
           VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPONANTS
           The main components of an automobile refer to the following components;
           1. Frame,
           2. Chassis,
           3. Body,
           4. Power unit,
           5. Transmission system
           FRAME
             The frame is the skeleton of the vehicle. It serves as a main foundation and base for
             alignment for the chassis.
           1. Conventional frame,
           2. Semi integral frame;
           3. Integral or untidiest frame.
           CHASIS
             If the frame contains the base components its called as chassis. The components are like
             Engine, radiator, clutch, gearbox, silencer, road wheels, fuel tank, wirings, differential
             units, etc..,
           BODY
           Body is the superstructure of the vehicle and it is bolted to the chasis.
           1. Car,
           2. Truck,
           3. Tractor,
                 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
               MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL SONEPAT E-NOTES , Subject :
              Automobile Engineering,  Subject Code: 171763 , Course:
               Diploma , Branch : Mechanical Engineering , Sem-6th  , 
             ( Prepared By: Mr. Ishank , Assistant Professor , MED)
         4. Delivery van,
         5. Jeep,
         6. Bus, etc..,
                 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
               MANAGEMENT, MURTHAL SONEPAT E-NOTES , Subject :
              Automobile Engineering,  Subject Code: 171763 , Course:
               Diploma , Branch : Mechanical Engineering , Sem-6th  , 
             ( Prepared By: Mr. Ishank , Assistant Professor , MED)
         COMPONANTS OF A ENGINE
          Even though reciprocating internal combustion engines look quite simple, they are highly
          complex machines. There are hundreds of components that have to perform their
          functions satisfactorily to produce output power. There are two types of engines, viz.,
          spark ignition (S1) and compression-ignition (CI) engine. Let us now go through the
          important engine components and the nomenclature associated with an engine.
         TERMS CONNECTED WITH I.C. ENGINE
         1. Bore: The inside diameter of the cylinder is called bore.
         2. Stroke: The linear distance along the cylinder axis between two limiting position s is
          called stroke.