DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE 
                        
                        
        UNIVERSITY OF WASIT- COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
             CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 
                        
                        
                   THIRD CLASS 
                        
                        
              Asst. Prof. Dr. SALLAL RASHID ABID 
                        
                        
                    2017-2018 
                        
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
                Design of Reinforced Concrete                                        Lec.1                                             Introduction 
               
                                           Design of Reinforced Concrete 
                                                                
               Text Books: 
               1- Design of Concrete Structures (14th Edition)       by: A. H. Nilson; D. Darwin & C. H. Dolan 
               2- Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete        ACI 318-14 
               References: 
               1- Reinforced concrete Design  (7th Edition)       by: C. K. Wang , C. G. Salmon & J.A. Pincheira 
               2- Design of Reinforced Concrete (10th Edition)   by: J.C. McCormac & R. H. Brown 
                
               Syllabus:  
                                  Syllabus                                                              Semester 
                
                                                                                                    st
               Introduction                                                                        1  
               Materials                                                                           1st  
                                                                                                    st
               Flexural Analysis & Design of Beams (Working Stress Design Method)                  1  
               Flexural Analysis & Design of Beams (Ultimate Strength Design                        st
               Method)                                                                             1  
                                                                                                    st
               Shear & Diagonal Tension in Beams                                                   1  
                                                                                                    st
               Analysis & Design of Torsion                                                        1  
                                                                                                    st
               Bond, Anchorage & Development Length                                                1  
                
                                                                                                    nd
               Serviceability: Crack and Deflection                                               2  
                                                                                                    nd
               Analysis & Design of One-way Slabs                                                 2  
                Analysis & Design of Continuous Beams and One-way Slabs                            2nd
                                                                                                    nd
               Analysis & Design of Two-way Slabs                                                 2  
               Analysis & Design of Short Columns: Concentrically and Eccentrically               2nd  
               loaded 
                                                                                                    nd
               Analysis & Design Slender Columns                                                  2  
                                                                
                                                            Units 
                
                                                  SI                     Metric                 British 
                                                  N                        gm                      lb 
                      Force                 kN = 1000 N               kg = 1000 g            kip = 1000 lb 
                                            1 kg = 9.81 N            Ton = 1000 kg          1 lb = 4.448 N 
                                                 mm                        cm                      in 
                      Length                m = 1000 mm               cm = 10 mm              ft = 12 in (˝) 
                                            mm = 0.1 cm               m = 100 cm            1 in = 25.4 mm 
                                      Stress Force N  Pa                gm                   lb  psi 
                                               Area    m2                 cm2                  in2
                      Stress                  kN kPa                      kg             kip  ksi 1000psi 
                                              m2                          cm2             in2
                                              N MPa                      Ton                        
                                             mm2                           m2              1ksi  6.895MPa  
               Kilo  Pascal  = kPa = 103 Pa 
               Mega Pascal = MPa= 106 Pa 
                                   9
               Gega Pascal = GPa = 10  Pa 
               Tera Pascal =  TPa = 1012 Pa 
                 Asst. Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid                      Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department.                      1      
                    Design of Reinforced Concrete                                        Lec.1                                             Introduction 
                   
                     
                                                                                  
                                                              Fundamentals 
                                                                                                     
                    ACI Building Code: 
                     
                    Whenever  two  different  materials,  such  as  steel  and  concrete,  are  acting  together  it  is 
                    understandable that the analysis for strength of a reinforced concrete member has to be partial 
                    empirical although rational. These semi-rational principles and methods are being continuously 
                    revised  and  improved as  a  result  of  theoretical  and  experimental  research  accumulates.  The 
                    American  Concrete  Institute  (ACI)  serves  as  clearing  house  for  these  changes  and  issues 
                    building code requirements. 
                     
                    Design Philosophy: 
                     
                    Two philosophies of design have long prevalent. 
                             •    Working stress method focuses on conditions at service loads. 
                             •    Strength design method focuses on conditions at loads greater than the service loads 
                                  when failure is imminent. 
                    The strength design method is deemed conceptually more realistic to establish structural safety. 
                     
                    Strength Design Method: 
                     
                    In the strength method, the service loads are increased sufficiently by factors to obtain the load 
                    at  which  failure  is  considered  to  be  “imminent”.    This  load  is  called  the  factored  load  or 
                    factored service load. 
                     
                                                    strength required to 
                         strength provided   
                                                   
                                                     carry factored loads         
                                                   
                                                                                  
                    The  provided  strength  is  computed  in  accordance  with  rules  and  assumptions  of  behavior 
                    prescribed by the building code and the strength required is obtained by performing a structural 
                    analysis using factored loads. 
                    The “strength provided” has commonly referred to as “ultimate strength”, however, it is a code 
                    defined value for strength and not necessarily “ultimate”.  The ACI Code uses a conservative 
                    definition of strength. 
                     
                    Safety Provisions: 
                     
                    Structures and structural members must always be designed to carry some reserve load above 
                    what is expected under normal use. 
                    There are three main reasons why some sorts of safety factor are necessary in structural design. 
                     
                    [1] Variability in resistance. 
                    [2] Variability in loading. 
                     Asst. Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid                      Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department.                      2      
                 Design of Reinforced Concrete                                        Lec.1                                             Introduction 
                
                 [3] Consequences of failure. 
                  
                    Variability of the strengths of concrete and reinforcement. 
                    Differences between the as-built dimensions and those found in structural drawings. 
                    Effects of simplifications made in the derivation of the member resistance. 
                  
                 Primary Elements of Reinforced Concrete Buildings: 
                 Every reinforced concrete building composes of three or more structural elements that should be 
                 designed to resist the different types of loads. The main parts of reinforced concrete buildings 
                 are: 
                     1-  Footings 
                     2-  Columns 
                     3-  Beams  
                     4-  Slabs 
                 The beams and slabs work together as one monolithic part referred to as the floor-slab system. 
                 The floor-slab  system  is  mainly  the  slab  with  or  without;  beams,  drop  panels,  and  column 
                 capitals  as  will  be  explained  in  following  sections.  Figure  (1)  shows  the  main  parts  of  a 
                 reinforced concrete structure designed for gravity loads. 
                  
                                                                                                                           
                                        Figure (1) Main parts of reinforced concrete buildings 
                  Asst. Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid                      Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department.                      3