CONTENTS
               Introduction
               Parts & structure of tyre cord
               Function of parts
               Classification of tyres
               Raw material in tyre cord
               Properties of raw material
               Structure of tyre cord fabric
               Types of tyre cord
               Tire cord manufacturing 
                Manufacturing process
                Uses of tyre cord
                Advantages of tyre cord
                Comparison with other material
               New Developments
               Cost of tyre cord
                          INTRODUCTION
         •  Tyre is a pressure vessel and cord keeps it dimensionally 
            stable.
         •  Tyres have to carry heavy loads, steel and fabric cords 
            are  used  in  the  construction  to  reinforce  rubber 
            compound and provide strength. 
         •  Tyre yarns of polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid, glass, or 
            steel are twisted to 5 to 12 turns per inch. 
                        PARTS & STRUCTURE  OF 
                                           TYRE CORD
             •   TREAD
             •   RIB
             •   GROOVES
             •   SIPES 
             •   SHOULDER
             •   CAP PLIES 
             •   STEEL BELT
             •   RADIAL PLIES
             •   BEAD CHAFFER
             •   BEAD
             •   TREAD BLOCK
                      FUNCTION OF PARTS OF 
                                            TYRE 
      •  Tread – it is thick layer (approx. 18-20 mm) of rubber which 
         comes into contact with road.
      •  Rib – it is designed for noise suppression.
      •  Grooves – to traction in all weather, directional control, cool 
         running and all rolling resistance.
      •  Sips – serves as the support for the wheel moving on the road.
      •  Shoulder – upper portion of the side wall just below the tread 
         edge  that  affects  tyre  heat  behavior  and  cornering 
         characteristics.
      •  Cap plies – main load baring components layers of fabric cord 
         extending  from  bead  to  bead  to  reinforce  the  tyre  and 
         maintain the shape.
                      FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF 
                                               TYRE 
        •   Steel belt –located below cap plies to increase tensile strength of 
            tyre.  steel belt or layer provides well balanced combination of 
            rubber  & fabric. Thickness is 0.2 to 0.38 mm. this are the steel cord 
            plated with copper or zinc.
        •   Radial plies – thin layer of rubber inside the tyre containing 
            compressed air tube.
        •   Sidewall –portion between tread to bead. it is rubber sheet 1.5 to 
            3.5 mm thick protecting tube from any kind of mechanical or 
            physical damage and moisture penetration. 
        •   bead chafer –  narrow strip of  flex material around the outside of 
            the bead  that protects tyre against wear & tear and prevent dirt 
            and moisture from getting into the tyre.
        •   Bead – structure composed of high tensile strength steel wire which 
            holds the tyre assembly onto the rim of the wheel for handling 
            performance.