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        Chapter Outline
          1.     Introduction
          2.     Shearing
          3.     Sheet-metal Characteristics and Formability
          4.     Formability Tests for Sheet Metals
          5.     Bending Sheets, Plates, and Tubes
          6.     Miscellaneous Bending and Related Operations
          7.     Deep Drawing
          8.     Rubber Forming and Hydroforming
          9.     Spinning
          10.    Superplastic Forming
          11.    Specialized Forming Processes
          12.    Manufacturing of Metal Honeycomb Structures
          13.    Design Considerations in Sheet-metal Forming
          14.    Equipment for Sheetmetal Forming
          15.    Economics of Sheetforming Operations
   Introduction
    Products made of sheet metals are common
    Pressworking or press forming is used for general 
     sheet-forming operations, as they are performed on 
     presses using a set of dies
   Introduction
    A sheet-metal part produced in presses is called a 
     stamping
    Low-carbon steel has low cost and good strength and 
     formability characteristics
    Manufacturing processes involving sheet metal are 
     performed at room temperature
   Sheet Metalworking 
   Defined
    Cutting and forming operations performed on relatively 
     thin sheets of metal
    Thickness of sheet metal = 0.4 mm (1/64 in) to 6 mm 
     (1/4 in)
    Thickness of plate stock > 6 mm
    Operations usually performed as cold working