2-1a
          Chapter Two Outline
          •Foundation of Organizational Culture
           Foundation of Organizational Culture
              •Layers of Organizational Culture
              •Four Functions of Organizational Culture
              •Types of Organizational Culture
              •Outcomes Associated with Organizational Culture
              •How Cultures are Embedded in Organizations
          •Embedding Organizational Culture 
           Embedding Organizational Culture 
          Through Socialization Processes and 
          Through Socialization Processes and 
          Mentoring.
          Mentoring.
              •A Three-Phase Model of Organizational Socialization
              •Practical Application of Socialization Research
              •Attitudes                
              •Using Mentoring to Your Advantage
          Organizational Culture Is
          Organizational Culture Is
          “The set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit 
              assumptions that a group holds and that 
              determines how it perceives, thinks about, 
              and reacts to its various environments.”
                                                  - Edgar Schein
                                                  - Edgar Schein
                                       
        Conceptual Framework for 
        Understanding Organizational 
        Culture
                   Figure 2-1 (p41) shows the 
                   building blocks of 
                   organizational culture and its 
                   outcomes
                                     
                    The Layers of Organizational 
                    The Layers of Organizational 
                    Culture
                    Culture
                                                                     Observabl
                                                                             e 
                                                                      Artifacts
                                                                     Espoused
                                                                        Values
                                                                          Basic 
                                                                     Underlying
                                                                    Assumption
                                                                               s
                                                                          Source:  Adapted from E H Schein, Organizational Culture and 
                                                                                       nd
                                                                          Leadership, 2  ed (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), p 17.
                                                                             
          Four Functions of Organizational Culture
          Four Functions of Organizational Culture
                                    Organizational
                                        identity
     Sense-making                 Organizational                     Collective
         device                         culture                     commitment
                                    Social system
                                        stability