Using Sources and Giving Credit
  • You’ve found your sources, read them, annotated them, and you’re 
   ready to use your sources in your essay. 
  • So… which quotes should you use? 
   –Quotes that contain ideas you want to respond to. 
   –Quotes where the original source’s wording is especially good or important to 
    your response. 
   –Quotes where the original source explains a complex idea clearly and 
    succinctly.
   –Quotes that contain ideas that would make most people want proof. 
  • Any quote you use should have an explanation/response that is TWICE 
   AS LONG as the original quote. If a quote takes up two full lines of your 
   paper, the explanation/response to that quote should take up FOUR. 
    They Say / I Say: Chapter 3
  • Quotations give your interaction with the 
   ideas of your sources credibility. (p. 42)
  • Choose quotes that support your claim, and 
   be flexible. This may change as you write. 
  • Frame your quotes. (See how to make a 
   “quote sandwich” on p. 46)
  • A bad example of how to use a quotation is on 
   p. 45, and the improved example on p. 47. 
        The “Quote Sandwich”
   • This is a way to integrate quotes into your paper 
    smoothly and avoid drop-in quotes. 
   • The first piece of “bread”
    –Introduce quote, possibly mention author, connect quote 
     to what you were saying before.
   • The “Meat”
    –Your quote, correctly cited with in-text citation.
   • The second piece of “bread”
    –Interpretation/explanation of quote (NOT simply rewording 
     the quote), connect quote to what you will say next. 
  Online Examples of Quote Sandwiches
  • http://www.csun.edu/~hflrc006/quote.html
  • https://sites.google.com/site/sasamtani/quot
   e_sandwich003.jpg
  • Notice that both of these examples make the 
   quote a part of a sentence the essay author 
   wrote, and notice that both examples give 
   credit to the source’s author. 
      Quote Sandwich Practice
  • If you brought a possible source for Essay #1 with you 
   today, choose a quote that you would like to respond 
   to.  Then, write a paragraph that includes the quote 
   you chose in a quote sandwich.  Remember, you need 
   to INTRODUCE the quote by putting in in context, USE 
   the quote with a correct in-text citation, and RESPOND 
   to the quote by adding something new to the 
   discussion. 
  • If you did not bring a source, you must do this practice 
   with one of the essays we have read as a class.