What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
              What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
              Hyperalimentation?
              Hyperalimentation?
               Definitions 
               Composition 
               Candidats 
               Calculation 
               Methods of administration 
               Monitoring 
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              What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
              What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
              Hyperalimentation?
              Hyperalimentation?
              TPN : is the administration of concentrated glucose & amino acid 
                 solutions via a central or large diameter peripheral vein.
              TPN therapy is necessary when the GI tract cannot be used or is not 
                 used to meet the Patient nutritional needs.
              TPN solutions may contain 20%-60% glucose and 3.5% to 10% 
                 protein (in the form of amino acids) in addition to various amounts 
                 of electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, & trace elements.
              These solutions can be modified, depending on the presence of 
                 organ system impairment and/or the specific nutritional needs of 
                 the Patient.
              To provide necessary amounts of fat and the fat soluble vitamins 
                 (A, D, E, and K), intralipids are often administered 2-3x a week 
                 along with TPN (monitor triglyceride levels)
              TPN is often used in hospital, long term care, and subacute care, 
                 but is also frequently used in the home-care setting.
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            What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
            What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 
            Hyperalimentation?
            Hyperalimentation?
            TPN or Hyperalimentation is the IV 
              infusion of a nutritionally, complete 
              formula, including 
              ◦amino acids (protein/nitrogen)
              ◦dextrose (carbohydrate/glucose)
              ◦fat emulsions (fatty acids)
              ◦vitamins
              ◦electrolytes
              ◦minerals
              ◦trace elements
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    (Purpose of TPN)
    (Purpose of TPN)
     Why TPN? 
     • Promote wound healing
     • Avoid malnutrition
     • Examples: severe burns, sepsis, cardiac 
      conditions, trauma, liver failure, GI conditions 
      impairing absorption, anorexia nervosa
     • Nutrition through the GI tract is best & should 
      be used when the Patient GIT is functional 
      before initiating parental nutrition
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