PROTEIN 
      ENERGY 
       MALNUTRITION
        HUMAN NUTRITION
  Nutrients are substances that are crucial for human life, growth & 
   well-being.
  Macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids & proteins) are needed for 
   energy and cell multiplication & repair.
  Micronutrients are trace elements & vitamins (Vit-A, Ca, I, Fe and 
   Zn), which are essential for metabolic processes.
  Obesity & under-nutrition are two ends of spectrum of malnutrition.
  A healthy diet provides a balanced nutrients that satisfy the 
   metabolic needs of the body without excess or shortage.
  Dietary requirements of children vary according to age, sex & 
   development
                            PREDISPOSING FACTORS
  Increased  demand  (or  requirement)  and  decreased 
   absorption  and  utilization  (because  of  infections  and 
   infestations)
   Infections-malnutrition-Infections = A vicious cycle, both 
   acting synergistically.
    ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL 
              STATUS
  
   Direct
   Clinical
   Anthropometric
   Dietary
   Laboratory
  
   Indirect
   Health statistics
   Ecological variables
                        DEFINITION
                                      
    World Health Organization (WHO)defines malnutrition as:
     “The cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy 
    and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and 
    specific functions" 
  PEM applies to a group of related disorders that include marasmus, 
    kwashiorkar, and intermediate states of marasmic-kwashiorkar.
  It is not only a health problem, but also a Social & Economic 
    problem