• NUTRITION AND HEALTH
   Non-communicable diseases
   Nutrition and HIV/AIDS
   • Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s 
    dietary needs. 
   • Good nutrition – an adequate, well balanced diet combined with 
    regular physical activity – is a cornerstone of good health. 
   • Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility 
    to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced 
    productivity.
  Malnutrition-infection interactions
   • Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, stroke, 
    cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible 
    for almost 70% of all deaths worldwide.
   •  Almost three quarters of all NCD deaths, and 82% of the 16 million 
    people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, 
    occur in low- and middle-income countries. 
   • The rise of NCDs has been driven by primarily four major risk factors: 
    -- tobacco use
     - physical inactivity 
      - the harmful use of alcohol 
      - unhealthy diets.
    • What we eat and our nutritional status can affect cardiovascular diseases, some 
    types of cancer and diabetes . 
    • Foods, diet and nutritional status, including overweight and obesity, are also 
    associated with elevated blood pressure and blood cholesterol, and resistance to 
    the action of insulin.
    •  These conditions are not only risk factors for NCDs, but major causes of illness 
    themselves.
    • Of 52.8 million deaths worldwide in 2010, 34.5 million were due to NCDs, including 
    cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases such as 
    strokes, and peripheral vascular diseases), diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory 
    diseases.
    •  About 80% of these deaths were in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); 
    29% of these deaths were in people under age 60. 
    • Once affected, people often live with the consequences of NCDs for the rest of 
    their lives; in 2010, NCDs contributed to 79% of illness in the world’s population.