145x Filetype PPTX File size 2.41 MB Source: 80.251.40.59
TISSUE, CELL AND ORGAN CULTURE-1 • Tissue culture Technology is known as the general term to describe the in vitro cultivation of organs, tissues & cells at defined temperature using an incubator, supplemented with a medium containing cell nutrients & growth factors. • Tissue culture : the small tissue fragments are explanted into a suitable medium and encouraged to grow in isolation, to form colonies, and possibly to continue some of their normal functions. • Cell culture : the cells of a tissue, or even individual cells, are made to grow in a special medium. – Sub culturing of primary cells leads to the generation of cell lines (contain one type of cells) – Lineage of cells originating from the primary culture is called a cell strain (forming a cell line) – Cell lines have limited life span, they passage several times before they become senescent. • Organ culture : growth is only of minor interest, but embryological development and the maintenance of normal physiological functions are the chief aim and object. TISSUE, CELL AND ORGAN CULTURE-2 • Different types of cells grown in culture includes fibroblasts, skeletal tissue, cardiac, epithelial tissue (liver, breast, skin, kidney) and many types of tumor cells. • Cells when surgically or enzymatically removed from an organism and placed in suitable culture environment will grow are called as primary culture where the Primary cells have a finite life span – they stop growing and ultimately die after only a few subculturing steps – contains heterogeneous population of cells (different types of cells present) since it is directly originated from the tissue. – Cells such as macrophages and neurons do not divide in vitro so can be used as primary cultures • After obtaining the culture primary cell culture, then the irrelevant cells are discarded. The dominant cells that multiply and grow in uniform populations are of interest and used for cell cultures. CELL CULTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR BASIC SOURCES AND CULTURING CONDITIONS Basically we can summarize cell culture types as following: • Primary cell cultures: cells were taken directly from tissues – Explant cultures (after tissue dissection) – Enzymatic dissociation culture (tissue dissociated after enzyme digestion) • Secondary Cell Cultures: derived from prinmary cultures to form a cell line – Monolayer cultures (anchorage dependent cultures, that are adherent cell cultures, such as epithelial cells of intestine) – Suspension Culture (non anchorage dependent cultures, such as blood cells) VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES GENERAL CULTURE PARAMETERS-1 • Culture volume is the factor determined by the purpose of the technology used. Such that: 1. Small scale culture of cells (up to 1L) are good to establish cell culture • for studying cell morphology • for comparing the effects of agents on growth and metabolism, etc 2. Animal cell culture is a widely used production process in biotechnology, with systems in operation at scales over 10000 liters • To produce vaccine material • To isolate cell constituent (DNA, enzymes, proteins,…), etc. Cell Sources: • The list of different cell types which can be grown in culture is extensive. For applications the commonly used cells and regularly updated list of commercially available cell stocks are available through : • ATCC AmericanType Culture Collection (American) https:// www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Cell_Lines.aspx?geo_country=tr • The European Collection of Cell Cultures (British) https://www.phe-culturecollections.org.uk/collections/ecacc.aspx
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