T.C. P’s and I P’s
            T.C. P’s and I P’s
      What is TCP/IP?
       What is TCP/IP?
      TCP/IP is a networking protocol for 
       TCP/IP is a networking protocol for 
       transmitting data between computers
       transmitting data between computers
      TCP/IP is a family of protocols
       TCP/IP is a family of protocols
      TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet
       TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet
      TCP/IP is the default protocol of UNIX
       TCP/IP is the default protocol of UNIX
      TCP/IP provides a uniform programming 
       TCP/IP provides a uniform programming 
       interface to different types of network 
       interface to different types of network 
       hardware that guarantees interoperability
       hardware that guarantees interoperability
                                
             We Are Family
             We Are Family
      IP - Internet Protocol which transports 
       IP - Internet Protocol which transports 
       raw data from one machine to another
       raw data from one machine to another
      ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol 
       ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol 
       provides low-level support for IP such as 
       provides low-level support for IP such as 
       error messages, routing assistance and 
       error messages, routing assistance and 
       “pings”
       “pings”
      ARP - Address Resolution Protocol which 
       ARP - Address Resolution Protocol which 
       translates logical address (IP address) to 
       translates logical address (IP address) to 
       hardware address (MAC address)
       hardware address (MAC address)
                              
           All in the Family
           All in the Family
      TCP - Transmission Control Protocol 
       TCP - Transmission Control Protocol 
       uses IP to maintain a connection-
       uses IP to maintain a connection-
       oriented sessions between machines 
       oriented sessions between machines 
       that guarantees delivery of data.
       that guarantees delivery of data.
      UDP - User Datagram Protocol uses 
       UDP - User Datagram Protocol uses 
       IP for connectionless sessions 
       IP for connectionless sessions 
       between machine without the 
       between machine without the 
       guarantee of data delivery.
       guarantee of data delivery.
                            
       So You Want to Date a 
       So You Want to Date a 
                      Model?
                      Model?
       The OSI Model by the ISO
        The OSI Model by the ISO
       Seven Layers
        Seven Layers
        – Layer 7 - Application Layer
          Layer 7 - Application Layer
        – Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
          Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
        – Layer 5 - Session Layer
          Layer 5 - Session Layer
        – Layer 4 - Transport Layer
          Layer 4 - Transport Layer
        – Layer 3 - Network Layer
          Layer 3 - Network Layer
        – Layer 2 - Data Link Layer
          Layer 2 - Data Link Layer
        – Layer 1 - Physical Layer
          Layer 1 - Physical Layer
                                 
    The Government Thought 
    The Government Thought 
        OSI Was A Good Idea
        OSI Was A Good Idea
       The US Government decided all 
        The US Government decided all 
        government computers should use OSI
        government computers should use OSI
       OSI had implementation problems
        OSI had implementation problems
        – Relied on concepts that made no sense in 
          Relied on concepts that made no sense in 
          modern networks
          modern networks
        – Some specifications were incomplete
          Some specifications were incomplete
        – Functionally inferior to existing protocols
          Functionally inferior to existing protocols
        – Too many layers which made it slow
          Too many layers which made it slow