NDC Synthesis Report, November 2021
       • Information from 164 NDCs (191 Parties as of July 2021)
       • Domestic mitigation measures for renewable energy generation  
         most frequent followed by energy efficiency improvement;
       • Technology needs for adaptation and mitigation actions include 
         energy-efficient appliances, renewable energy technologies, 
         climate smart agriculture;
       • Gender responsive climate action in the context of energy, 
         agriculture, water, land use and forestry, fisheries cited;
       • Many adaptation components included measures for protecting 
         coastal and low-lying areas, including river deltas, and addressing 
         sea level rise, erosion and saltwater intrusion;
       •  A few Parties identified how their mitigation action can generate 
         adaptation co-benefits e.g. using renewable energy can also 
         enhance energy security and access to water and reduce pollution.
       • Source: Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement, Synthesis report by the secretariat (November 2021) 
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        Adaptation in NDCs
        •  Freshwater resources identified 
           as  priority, enhancing 
           availability, efficiency and 
           quality of water supplies  
           including building water 
           infrastructure and water 
           resource plans, strategies and 
           systems
        •  Strengthen watershed 
           management, efficiency of 
           water use and irrigation. 
        •  Integrated water resources 
           management, protection and 
           restoration of water-related 
           ecosystems such as forests, 
           wetlands and rivers, and supply 
           diversification
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       The net-zero transition: What it would cost, what it could bring
       •  85% of todays emissions are from energy usage
       •  Capital spending on physical assets need to rise by $3.5 trillion/yr 
          to a total of $9.2 trillion/yr for the next 30 years
           • Equivalent to half of the current annual corporate profits
                                                               Source: McKinsey (2022)
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          Lessons from Clean Development Mechanism
       •   POAs enabled participation of household 
           energy projects under the CDM since 
           2012 
       •   73 registered clean cookstoves PoAs and 
           527 CPAs (30 million CERs issued)
        Evolution of Carbon pricing- >85 Billion USD per year revenue
        •  Carbon markets rapidly 
           growing
        •  Article 6 of the Paris Agreement 
           paves way for 2 new market 
           mechanisms (6.2 co-operative 
           approaches and 6.4 
           mechanism)
        •  Low share of mitigation projects 
           in Water-energy intersection 
           (e.g. efficient irrigation)
        •  Capacity building including for 
           monitoring, reporting and 
           verification needed  
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