Five Viewpoints of 
          Five Viewpoints of 
              Management
               Management
      Classical- late 1800’s
       Classical- late 1800’s
        – Bureaucratic, Scientific, 
          Bureaucratic, Scientific, 
          Administrative
          Administrative
      Behavioral- 1930’s, 40’s, 50’s
       Behavioral- 1930’s, 40’s, 50’s
      Systems-50’s, 60’s, 70’s
       Systems-50’s, 60’s, 70’s
      Contingency-60’s, 70’s, 80’s
       Contingency-60’s, 70’s, 80’s
      Quality-80’s, 90’s
       Quality-80’s, 90’s
                             
                                                2.2
     History of Management 
     History of Management 
                 Thought
                 Thought
                                      Quality Viewpoint
                                      Quality Viewpoint
                                  Contingency Viewpoint
                                  Contingency Viewpoint
                           Systems Viewpoint
                           Systems Viewpoint
                       Behavioral Viewpoint
                       Behavioral Viewpoint
     Traditional Viewpoint
     Traditional Viewpoint
         1890   1900   1910   1920   1930   1940   1950   1960   1970   1980   1990   2000
         1890   1900   1910   1920   1930   1940   1950   1960   1970   1980   1990   2000
                                         Adapted from Figure 2.1
   Assumptions of Viewpoints
   Assumptions of Viewpoints
      Continuous viewpoints do not 
       Continuous viewpoints do not 
       replace each other but have 
       replace each other but have 
       differing perspectives
       differing perspectives
      All differ on how they view:
       All differ on how they view:
        – behavior of individuals
          behavior of individuals
        – organizational goals
          organizational goals
        – issues that the organization faces
          issues that the organization faces
        – how those issues should be resolved
          how those issues should be resolved
                             
   Bureaucratic Management
   Bureaucratic Management
      Max Weber wanted to eliminate 
       Max Weber wanted to eliminate 
       nepotism, and favoritism in 
       nepotism, and favoritism in 
       organizations
       organizations
      A rational method-scientific and 
       A rational method-scientific and 
       logical approach to business
       logical approach to business
                           
            Negative View of 
            Negative View of 
                 Bureacracy
                  Bureacracy
       Bureaucracies “strip all relations of 
        Bureaucracies “strip all relations of 
        content but that which is strictly 
        content but that which is strictly 
        applicable to the attainment of 
        applicable to the attainment of 
        organizational ends” (Lincoln, 1982: 21)
        organizational ends” (Lincoln, 1982: 21)
       How we view bureaucracy
        How we view bureaucracy
        – School
          School
        – Taxes 
          Taxes 
        – Government
          Government