Alfred P. Sloan
     •"My Years With General Motors"
        The professional managers are: to 
       manage the facts, not opinions; to put 
       the strengths of people to work; to set 
       the performance example for others, 
       and serve as mentor; to use dissent 
       and conflict to positive advantage, and 
       to always accept a manager's responsibility 
       to be a "servant" of others.
                                                   2
                Evolution of 
       Management Thought
     •Effective management played a 
       key role in the construction of the 
       pyramids, the use of 
       communication and control of the 
       Roman Empire, and the legal 
       framework of commerce in 14th 
       century VENICE.
                                                3
                Evolution of 
       Management Thought
    •The most significant historical point 
      of reference in the evolution of 
      management was the advent of the 
      Industrial Revolution.
    •By the turn of the 20th century the 
      science and practices of 
      management were on a rapid and 
      continuing path of development.
                                                4
             Major Schools of 
                      Thought
     •Classical -  A focus on developing 
       universal principles for use in various 
       management situations.
     •Human Resource -  A focus on human 
       needs, the work group, and the role of social 
       factors in the workplace.
     •Quantitative or Management 
       Science
        A focus on the use of mathematical 
       techniques for management problem-solving.
                                                       5
            Major Schools of 
                   Thought
    •Modern Approach
       A focus on total systems and 
      contingency thinking, and an awareness 
      of global developments in management.
    •Continuing Directions
       Emphasis on quality and performance 
      excellence, global awareness, and 
      leadership roles for a new management. 
                                                6