Management Perspectives 
          Over Time
                                                                                    Exhibit 2.1, p.44
                                                                                 2000
                                               The Technology-Driven Workplace
                                                                              1990      2010
                                                   The Learning Organization
                                                                   1980                  2010
                                         Total Quality Management
                                                                                 2000
                                                              1970
                                           Contingency Views
                                                       1950                     2000
                                       Systems Theory
                                                1940                             2000
                Management Science Perspective
                                       1930                                 1990
                Humanistic Perspective
                         1890                                                1990
               Classical                                                                3
              1870                                 1940                                2010
    2.2  Classical Viewpoint: 
    Scientific & Administrative 
    Management
     CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVE                     5
                  Management - Chapter 2
     Frederick W. Taylor
                        Frederick Taylor is known 
                        today as the "father of 
                        scientific management." 
                        One of his many 
                        contributions to modern 
                        management is the 
                        common practice of giving 
                        employees rest breaks 
                        throughout the day.
        Frederick W. Taylor 
           1856-1915