128x Filetype PPT File size 0.43 MB Source: www.cengage.com
Decision Making and Planning Decision Making and Planning • Decision Making Decision Making Is the cornerstone of planning. Is the cornerstone of planning. Is the catalyst that drives the planning process. Is the catalyst that drives the planning process. Underlies every aspect of setting goals and Underlies every aspect of setting goals and formulating plans. formulating plans. • Planning Planning All organizations plan, but not in the same fashion. All organizations plan, but not in the same fashion. All planning occurs within an environmental context. All planning occurs within an environmental context. All goals require plans to guide in their achievement. All goals require plans to guide in their achievement. All goals are tied higher goals and plans. All goals are tied higher goals and plans. © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 7–2 Organizational Goals Organizational Goals Purposes of Goals Guidance and Promotion of Source of Evaluation unified direction good planning motivation and control © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 7–3 Kinds of Goals Kinds of Goals Setting Organizational Goals By Level By Area Time Frame Mission statement Operations Long-term goals Strategic goals Marketing Intermediate goals Tactical goals Finance Short-term goals Operational goals Production Explicit goals Open-ended goals © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 7–4 Responsibilities of Setting Goals Responsibilities of Setting Goals • Who Sets Goals? Who Sets Goals? All managers All managers Managerial responsibility for goal setting Managerial responsibility for goal setting should correspond to the manager’s level should correspond to the manager’s level in the organization. in the organization. • Managing Multiple Goals Managing Multiple Goals Optimizing allows managers to balance Optimizing allows managers to balance and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting goals. goals. Managers can pursue one goal and exclude Managers can pursue one goal and exclude all others or to seek a mid-range goal. all others or to seek a mid-range goal. © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 7–5 Kinds of Organizational Plans Kinds of Organizational Plans Strategic Plans (upper management) Tactical Plans (middle management) Operational Plans (lower-level managers) © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 7–6
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