LEADERSHIP VS 
        MANAGEMENT
   Leadership                            Management
   Influences human behaviour.           Guides human behaviour.
   Communicates by means of              Communicates through management 
   vision/ values/charisma.              functions, e.g. line function.
   People orientated.                    Task orientated.
   Inspires staff to trust and support   Controls  systems  and  procedures  to 
   each other.                           get the job done.
   Focuses on what and why.              Focuses on how and when.
   Does the right things.                Does things right.
   Leaders  are  born  with  natural  A  person  becomes  a  manager 
   leadership skills.                    because  he/she  is  appointed  in  the 
                                         position.
   Lead by example.                      Manage  by  planning,  organizing, 
                                         leading and control.
   LEADERSHIP 
       STYLE
      Description     •considers the needs and input of followers and encourages group 
                       involvement.
                      • includes employees in decision-making but has the authority to make 
                        the final decision.
      Example /       • Suitable when cooperation is required between a leader and a team.
    / Application     • When the leader is new and depends on experienced employees.
        E             • Works well to ask employees for their ideas to devise a new strategy.
    C Advantage(s)    • Employees  are  happy,  motivated  and  more  productive  because  of 
        V
    I   I               their involvement
    T   T             • Staff gives a variety of ideas that can lead to increased sales.
    A   A             • Clear communication ensures group commitment to final decision
    R   P             • Authority is delegated 
        I             • Complex decisions can be made with inputs from skilled workers.
    C Disadvantage( • Incorrect decisions may be made if staff is inexperienced.
      s)C             • Decision making may be time consuming 
        I
    O   T             • Employees may feel discouraged if their opinions are not considered.
    M   R             • Not effective in times of crisis when quick decisions need to be made.
    E                 • Some employees only pretend to participate in decision making and 
        A               their feedback may not always be accurate.
    D   P
       Description   • tells  employees what to do and how they should carry out their tasks without asking 
                      them for input or ideas.
                     • have all the authority and make all the decisions themselves.
                     • usually set the rules, give orders and apply strict discipline.
       Example /     • In crisis situations, e.g. in the case of unforeseen challenges.
       Application   • When all the information is available to solve the problem.
                     • In emergencies, where there is a shortage of time.
                     • When employees are motivated and the leader has already earned the trust
      C              • When dealing with employees who are not cooperative.
      I              • When employees are new/not fully trained.
      TAdvantage(s) • Quick decisions can be taken 
      A              • Work gets done in time/on schedule.
                     • Line of communication is clear 
      R              • Strict control ensures high quality products/service.
                     • Provides strong leadership which makes new employees feel confident and safe.
      C              • Works well in large businesses
      O              • Clear guidance can be given to inexperienced/new staff
      TDisadvantage • Leaders and followers may not agree on ways to solve problems.
       (s)           • Workers can be demotivated as their opinions are not considered.
      U              • De-motivated workers impact negatively on productivity. Creative ideas may not be used.
                     • Followers may feel that they are not valued resulting in high absenteeism.
                     • Experienced workers will resist an autocratic leadership style as it results in lower 
      A
                      personal growth.
          Description                             •relies on organisational rules and policies.
                                                  •follows these rules systematically 
                                                  •makes sure that employees also adhere strictly to these 
                                                   rules.
        C Example /                               •  Appropriate for routine jobs or in a factory where 
        I Application                                employees work with dangerous machines.
        T                                         •  When managers ensure that procedures are always 
                                                     followed accurately.
        A Advantage(s)                            •  Managers ensure that business rules/procedures are 
        R                                            always followed accurately.
                                                  •  Tight control measures ensure high quality service 
        C                                            delivery.
        U                                         •  Ensures accountability to the general public.
                                                  •  Improves health and safety in dangerous workplaces, 
        A                                            e.g. mines, construction sites.
        E Disadvantage(s)                         •  Official rules may seem unnecessary/time consuming.
                                                  •  Leaders may acquire power and can disregard/ignore 
        R                                            inputs from others.
        U                                         •  Very little room for error, so workers feel they are not 
                                                     treated as humans.
                                                  •  Lack of creativity may lead to stagnation in productivity
        B