Outline
             Outline
   Class Debate
    Class Debate
   Gender and Leadership Style
    Gender and Leadership Style
   Class Exercise: Breaking the Glass Ceiling
    Class Exercise: Breaking the Glass Ceiling
   Stereotypes and Discrimination of Women 
    Stereotypes and Discrimination of Women 
   Leaders
    Leaders
   Assignment 3
    Assignment 3
         Class Debate
         Class Debate
   “Women lead differently than men”
   “Women lead differently than men”
        Leader styles and gender
        Leader styles and gender
       Let’s take a look at what the empirical research 
       Let’s take a look at what the empirical research 
       tells us…
       tells us…
       Leadership style findings from experimental 
       Leadership style findings from experimental 
       settings tend to be gender stereotypic
       settings tend to be gender stereotypic
         Gender stereotypic behavior is observed
          Gender stereotypic behavior is observed
       Organizational studies primarily do not show 
       Organizational studies primarily do not show 
       these gender differences
       these gender differences
         However, women’s styles are more democratic than 
          However, women’s styles are more democratic than 
          men’s…
          men’s…
         Might this reflect special legitimacy problems?
          Might this reflect special legitimacy problems?
       Leader styles and gender
       Leader styles and gender
      Study by Eagly and Johannesen-Schmidt
      Study by Eagly and Johannesen-Schmidt
        Women scored higher on transformational 
        Women scored higher on transformational 
        scales and contingent reward scales
        scales and contingent reward scales
        Men scored higher on management by 
        Men scored higher on management by 
        exception and laissez faire leadership
        exception and laissez faire leadership
        Women were more effective than men
        Women were more effective than men
      What implications do these findings have 
      What implications do these findings have 
      for the effectiveness of female and male 
      for the effectiveness of female and male 
      leaders?
      leaders?
                      Women Leaders
                      Women Leaders
         Women are underrepresented in elite 
         Women are underrepresented in elite 
         leadership positions
         leadership positions
           Although…
            Although…
                Women represent 47% US workforce
                Women represent 47% US workforce
                Women now occupy a considerable portion of middle 
                Women now occupy a considerable portion of middle 
                management positions
                management positions
                Women earn 51% of the bachelor degrees and 46% of 
                Women earn 51% of the bachelor degrees and 46% of 
                all advanced degrees
                all advanced degrees
           They still only hold…
            They still only hold…
                About 4% of top officer positions in Fortune 500 
                About 4% of top officer positions in Fortune 500 
                companies
                companies
                3% of the most highly paid officer positions
                3% of the most highly paid officer positions
                .4% of CEO positions 
                .4% of CEO positions 
                   Only 6 women CEO in Fortune 500 Companies
                    Only 6 women CEO in Fortune 500 Companies
         Glass ceiling
         Glass ceiling