Development of Modern Leadership Theories
    Influential modern leadership theories are:
    Trait Theory
    Behavioural Theory
    Situational     Theories    including    Charismatic, 
      Transformational and Path-Goal Theory
    Spiritual  Theories  including  Servant,  Ethical  and 
      Visionary Theory
                   Development of Modern Leadership 
                   Development of Modern Leadership 
                                                                         Theories
                                                                          Theories
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              Trait Theory
 In the 1930’s and 1940’s, trait theories were developed 
   by psychologists looking for personality, social, physical 
   or intellectual traits that were universally associated with 
   leadership success.
 The  search  for  specific  traits  or  characteristics  that 
   differentiate  leaders  from  nonleaders  dominated  the 
   early research efforts in the study of leadership.
 Six traits consistently found in successful leaders were 
   drive,  desire  to  lead,  honesty  and  integrity,  self-
   confidence, intelligence, and job-relevant knowledge.
             Behavioural Theory
  Between the 1940’s and 1960’s behavioural theories emerged as trait theory 
   neglected the importance of action or behaviour.
  It was hoped that behavioral theories approach would provide more definitive 
   and practical answers to the nature of leadership.
  Task orientation(TO) and Relationship orientation(RO) matrix was studied by 
   many researchers to find out the effective leadership styles.
  Leaders with high TO emphasize more on structure of roles, tasks, goals and 
   supervision.
  Leaders with high RO demonstrates consideration for subordinates by 
   building trust, mutual respect, showing regard for feelings, and developing 
   relationships.
  It was suggested by many researchers that high TO and high RO 
   combination style is superior leadership style for achieving best results. 
             Situational Theory
             Situational Theory
  The failure to attain consistent results through trait and behavioural 
   The failure to attain consistent results through trait and behavioural 
   theories led the researchers to focus on situational influences.
   theories led the researchers to focus on situational influences.
  Beginning  in  the  1960’s  situational  leadership  developed  with  the 
   Beginning  in  the  1960’s  situational  leadership  developed  with  the 
   observation  that  any  behavioral  leadership  style  could  be  either 
   observation  that  any  behavioral  leadership  style  could  be  either 
   effective or ineffective depending upon the situation in which it was 
   effective or ineffective depending upon the situation in which it was 
   applied.
   applied.
  Fiedler(1967) argued in his leadership contingency model that leaders 
   Fiedler(1967) argued in his leadership contingency model that leaders 
   should select their leadership styles based on whether a situation is 
   should select their leadership styles based on whether a situation is 
   favourable  to  the  leader.  A  situation  was  considered  favourable 
   favourable  to  the  leader.  A  situation  was  considered  favourable 
   depending on (1) the personal relationship with the followers; (2) the 
   depending on (1) the personal relationship with the followers; (2) the 
   degree  of  structure  in  the  task;  and  (3)  the  power  and  authority 
   degree  of  structure  in  the  task;  and  (3)  the  power  and  authority 
   inherent in the leader’s position.
   inherent in the leader’s position.