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Green Chemistry Introduction: What is Chemistry? What does Defining Green Chemistry What is Chemistry? What does chemistry mean to you? Do chemistry mean to you? Do you think of good things or bad Have students work in pairs for 30 seconds to come up you think of good things or bad things? Who has heard of with a definition for green chemistry. Break down the things? Who has heard of companies going green? What meaning of both words. companies going green? What does that mean? does that mean? Establish that chemistry is the science of making products. Eco-friendly, good for the environment, sustainable. Green chemistry is pollution Green chemistry is pollution prevention at the molecular What do chemists do? prevention at the molecular level, the basic design stage. So level, the basic design stage. So what is it that chemists do? what is it that chemists do? Use wait time. Build off of their prior knowledge. Acknowledge student responses and prompt them for more information. Control the conversation by asking for a certain number of answers. Is there anything in this room Is there anything in this room Chemists are inventors. They help to design just about that a chemist invented? What that a chemist invented? What about the desks, paint, floor, every product out there. about the desks, paint, floor, etc. etc. Traditionally chemists were not taught about the Who has taken medicine? Does environmental impact or toxicology. We have had many Who has taken medicine? Does anyone use an iPod or an mp3 advances and helpful inventions but we have also had anyone use an iPod or an mp3 player? What about a computer inventions that have caused harm to the environment. player? What about a computer or a cell phone? Green chemists design products taking into account the or a cell phone? entire process, energy efficiency, renewable resources, the product itself along with the end-of-life impact of the product. Would you buy a “traditional” Would you buy a “traditional” cleaner that costs $1 or a cleaner that costs $1 or a “safer” cleaner that costs $5 for Set the Scene: “safer” cleaner that costs $5 for the same bottle size? Connect the Dots & Introduce the Activity Topic the same bottle size? Would you buy a “traditional Would you buy a “traditional cleaner” that cleans well, or a Connect the dots for them: they are the future scientists cleaner” that cleans well, or a “safer” cleaner that leaves who will help to discover and invent solutions to our “safer” cleaner that leaves streaks behind? environmental challenges. streaks behind? Green chemists think about Green chemists think about safety, cost and performance in safety, cost and performance in Introduce the 3 criteria of Green Chemistry: their product design their product design Safety, Cost and Performance. (c) 2017 beyondbenign - All rights reserved. Introducing the Problem of Plastics Reflect back on the discussion about what items We just talked about the things in in the room were made by chemists. How many We just talked about the things in the room that were made by of them are made out of plastic? the room that were made by chemists. Which of these items chemists. Which of these items are plastic? How many plastic are plastic? How many plastic Let’s talk about why we use plastics. items can you see around you? items can you see around you? - Inexpensive - Easy to manipulate Why do you think so many things - Versatile Why do you think so many things are made of plastic? What are - are made of plastic? What are Many are lightweight some of the benefits of using some of the benefits of using plastic? What are some things plastic? What are some things you use on a regular basis that Hopefully some of the students will have brought you use on a regular basis that are made of plastic? up points related to disposable plastics. If these are made of plastic? types of products haven’t come up yet, guide the group to a discussion about disposable items like How many times during the How many times during the cups and water bottles. week do you use a disposable week do you use a disposable plastic item? What types of plastic item? What types of disposable plastics do you use? Introduce the problem of plastics disposal disposable plastics do you use? Water/beverage bottles, cups, through asking questions. Water/beverage bottles, cups, bags, etc. bags, etc. About half of the plastics that are produced in a What do you do with plastics year become waste in less than a year. That What do you do with plastics when you no longer need them? includes plastic water bottles, plastic bags, bottle when you no longer need them? Recycle, landfill. Can anyone give Recycle, landfill. Can anyone give caps – all sorts of different types of plastics. In me their best guess for what me their best guess for what percentage of plastics actually many areas of the country, like near Boston or percentage of plastics actually get recycled? San Francisco, it’s easy to think that most of get recycled? these plastics go into recycling. However, in the United States as a whole, only about 9% of our plastics end up in recycling. That means that 91% of plastic goes to the landfill! That is a whole lot of plastic waste. But what happens to the plastic after it goes to the landfill? Plastics can take more than 400 years to degrade, so it’s going to stick around for a while. (c) 2017 beyondbenign - All rights reserved. Plastics in the Ocean Because disposable plastic production has increased dramatically in the last few decades, our waste systems have a hard time managing all the plastics that go into the trash. As a result, a lot of plastic waste ends up in the environment. About 8 million metric tons of plastic ends up in the ocean every year. In fact, out of the top ten types of trash found in the ocean, eight are types of plastic! What types of plastics do you What types of plastics do you think are commonly found in the think are commonly found in the ocean? Why? ocean? Why? Plastics ID Challenge What do types of plastics do we find in the ocean? Give each group a ziplock containing one of the six types of plastic pieces provided and challenge the groups to identify what the plastic once was. Example, one ziplock will have tiny pieces of plastic water bottles and the students will have to try and determine what those pieces originally belonged to. Give each group a few minutes to What type of item do you think discuss and then have them each share what What type of item do you think your plastic pieces once was? they have decided. your plastic pieces once was? Why do you think so? Why do you think so? An answer key will be provided in your plastics kit. When we see plastic in the ocean, it actually What do you think ocean plastic looks more like the plastic in your baggies than What do you think ocean plastic looks like? looks like? what it once was. That’s because plastic floating near the top of the water breaks down over time into smaller pieces we call “microplastics”. This is from the impact of sunlight on the plastic pieces – a process called “photodegradation”. (c) 2017 beyondbenign - All rights reserved. Solving the Problem Discuss ideas the students have for tackling the What ideas do you all have about problem of ocean plastics. What ideas do you all have about how to solve this big problem? how to solve this big problem? Where should we start? Where should we start? Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Ask how many have heard the phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle. Have students share what each one means as you talk about each concept. Once we get the plastic out of the ocean, we What types of things would you What types of things would you need to find something to do with it. want to make with recycled ocean want to make with recycled ocean plastic? What items have you plastic? What items have you seen made with ocean plastic? Pass around the net and filament samples. seen made with ocean plastic? Adidas, alongside Parley for the Oceans, designed shoes with the help of the Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry that were made from recycled ocean plastic. The net that What do the items in the baggies What do the items in the baggies you see was turned into the filament- basically look like? What do you think they look like? What do you think they were used for? Which one was thread- that was used to make the upper of were used for? Which one was ocean plastic? shoes! That’s one way we can recycle our ocean plastic? plastics! Let’s talk about reusing plastics. Reusing is when you use something again in the same way. Most What do you think of when you What do you think of when you think of “reusing” plastics? How is of us use reusable cups at home rather than think of “reusing” plastics? How is this different than recycling? using disposable ones. this different than recycling? The best option for dealing with the problem of ocean plastics is to reduce how much plastic we use. If we’re not using plastics, we’re not throwing them away, so they can’t end up in the environment! (c) 2017 beyondbenign - All rights reserved. Other fun Ooho facts: Ooho! Other fun Ooho facts: - Made by Skipping Rocks Lab, - Made by Skipping Rocks Lab, a London-based startup a London-based startup - The company impact One company out there is working to reduce the - The company impact statement is “to stop 1 number of plastic water bottles produced and statement is “to stop 1 billion plastic bottles from consumed by making an alternative water billion plastic bottles from reaching the ocean every packaging. Their packaging is made from plants reaching the ocean every year and to stop 300 million year and to stop 300 million and seaweed and can will biodegrade in just 4-6 kg of CO from ever being kg of CO from ever being 2 2 emitted” weeks – the same as a piece of fruit! emitted” - Producing Ooho packaging - Producing Ooho packaging takes 9x less energy and Best of all – their packaging is EDIBLE! You can takes 9x less energy and produces 5x less carbon produces 5x less carbon pop the whole pod into your mouth, burst it dioxide than PET (the dioxide than PET (the packaging for plastic water open, and drink your water! packaging for plastic water bottles) bottles) How Ooho’s packaging is made is a secret but we can make something really similar. Let’s make our own! Allow students to make 2-3 pods – you’ll want to make sure you have extra when someone accidentally pops one! Prepare ahead of time: - Juice and sodium alginate mixture - 4.7 g sodium alginate per L juice (0.045 M) - Use either a food safe blender or a hand-mixer to mix - Calcium lactate or calcium chloride bath - 11.25 g calcium lactate/chloride per L water (0.034 M) - Stir with food safe spoon or fork With students: - Each student ladles a 2-3 scoops of alginate/juice into the calcium bath - Allow to sit ~5 min while hydrogel forms - Give each student or student pair a plate for their finished juice pods (c) 2017 beyondbenign - All rights reserved.
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