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File: Debt Estimates For History Of Doom
sheet 1 about a brief history of doom tab description total private debt estimate our total private debt estimate for years 18051915 using our own loan and bond series combined ...

icon picture XLSX Filetype Excel XLSX | Posted on 30 Aug 2022 | 3 years ago
Partial file snippet.
Sheet 1: ABOUT
A Brief History of Doom








































































Tab Description






















Total Private Debt Estimate Our total private debt estimate for years 1805-1915 using our own loan and bond series combined with benchmark data from Goldsmith's balance sheet. (This estimate is independent of our other debt estimates and is treated as such throughout our work.)






















Construction Debt Estimate Our estimated construction debt for years 1830-1920, using total construction value along with a 4 year amortization period and 40% of the value financed by debt.






















Mortgage Debt Estimate Our rough mortgage debt estimate for years 1805-1869, using Goldsmith's mortgage data for benchmark years.






















Canal Debt Estimate Our canal debt estimate for 1825-1860, using total canal investment and assuming a 30-year deferred bond payoff.






















Land Debt Estimate Our estimated land debt for years 1830-1845, using federal land receipts and a 4 year amortization period.






















CRE Debt, Great Depression Our estimated CRE debt for years 1920-1935, using total nonresidential construction spending.






















Utility Debt, Great Depression Our rough estimate for years 1923-1928, using different sources for growth reference.






















Cotton Debt Estimate Our cotton industry debt estimate for years 1816-1845, using a constant percentage of the total value of cotton production.






















Goldsmith U.S. Balance Sheet A Balance sheet index of national assets of the United States, 1774-1978.












































































































































































Tab Sources

Total Private Debt Estimate Goldsmith, Raymond W. "Table A22 National Balance Sheet of the United States, 1774-1978." In Comparative National Balance Sheets: A Study of Twenty Countries, 1688-1979. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. "Series N 1926. - Assets and Liabilities - All Banks: 1834-1945." Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1949. https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/HistoricalStatisticsoftheUnitedStates1789-1945.pdf.

"Railway Share List." American Railroad Journal 25-44 (1853-1872). [Data was added from each "Railway Share List" appearing after September 30 of the following year. American Railroad Journals can be found on Google Books and Hathitrust.]

Construction Debt Estimate Colean, Miles L. and Robinson Newcomb. "Table 2. Construction Activity: Riggleman, Long, and U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor Series. 1831-1951" and "Table 4. Building Cycles in United States Cities, 1830-1933." In Stabilizing Construction: The Record and Potential. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952.

Mortgage Debt Estimate Goldsmith, Raymond W. "Table A22 National Balance Sheet of the United States, 1774-1978." In Comparative National Balance Sheets: A Study of Twenty Countries, 1688-1979. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Canal Debt Estimate Cranmer, H. Jerome. "Canal Investment, 1815-1860." In Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960. https://www.nber.org/chapters/c2489.pdf.

Land Debt Estimate 1820-1829 and 1850-1860: Smith, Walter Buckingham and Arthur Harrison Cole. "Appendix D." Fluctuations in American Business, 1790-1860. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1935. Retrieved from Bureau of the Census. "Series J 20. Public Land Sales: 1800 to 1860." Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970: Part 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1975/compendia/hist_stats_colonial-1970.html. Full data can be found in the "US 19th Century Construction.xlsx" file in this appendix.

1838-1949: Sanger, George P. "Quantity of Public Land sold, and the Amount paid for it, in each Year, from 1833 to 1854, inclusive." The American Almanac and Repository of useful knowledge for the year 1856. Boston: Crosby, Nichols and Company, 1855. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3726670;view=1up;seq=7.

Sakolski, Aaron M. The Great American Land Bubble. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1932. [Data can be found on page 235.]

CRE Debt, Great Depression Fisher, Irving. Booms and Depressions: Some First Principles. Binghamton, NY: Vail-Ballou Press, Inc, 1932. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/books/booms_fisher.pdf. [Data can be found on page 173.]

United States Department of Labor and United States Department of Commerce. "Table 2. New Private Construction, Annually, 1915-56." In Construction Volume and Costs, 1915–56: A Statistical Supplement to Volume 3 of Construction Review. 1957. http://www.michaelcarliner.com/files/Data/DOC58_Construction_Volume-Cost_1915-56.pdf.

Utility Debt, Great Depression Johnson, Ernest A. "Table I. Long-Term Real Estate Issues Offered, 1919-1934, Compared with Railroad, Public Utility, and Total Corporate Issue." In "The Record of Long-Term Real Estate Securities." In The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics 12, no. 1 (1936): 44-48. doi:10.2307/3158390.

Leininger, Peter. "Table II. New Financing of Public Utilities." In "Public Utility Financing for the Year, 1928." In The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics 5, no. 2 (1929): 200-03. doi:10.2307/3138812.

U.S. Department of Commerce. "Table 6 - Gross and Net Corporate Debt, 1929-41." In Indebtedness in the United States, 1929-41. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1942.

Cotton Debt Estimate United States Bureau of the Census. "Table 15. - Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports of Cotton for the United States: 1790 to 1907." Bulletin 97: Supply and Distribution of Cotton for the year ending August 31, 1908. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908. https://books.google.com/books?id=QScUAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA11-PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false.

Goldsmith U.S. Balance Sheet Goldsmith, Raymond W. "Table A22 National Balance Sheet of the United States, 1774-1978." In Comparative National Balance Sheets: A Study of Twenty Countries, 1688-1979. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Sheet 2: Total Private Debt Estimate





1805 1850 1880 1900 1912













Goldsmith Private debt to GDP 16.3% 35.3% 56.1% 92.8% 103.8%













change in debt
19.0% 20.8% 36.7% 11.0%













difference in years
45 30 20 12













Bank Loans + Railroad n/a 15.0% 37.5% 60.8% 71.5%













Unallocated debt 0.00% 20.308% 18.61% 31.98% 32.33%













Change
20.308% -1.694% 13.369% 0.343%















1805-1850 1850-1880 1880-1900 1900-1916














Yearly additional Change 0.451% -0.056% 0.668% 0.029%




































billion $'s billion $'s













Goldsmith Points to GDP Bank Loans+railroad bonds to GDP Calculated Unallocated debt Estimated Debt to GDP Estimated Nominal debt GDP










For our US Private debt estimate (1805-1915) we use a data series of bank loans combined with railroad bonds as a proxy for total private debt. Using Goldsmith's data points as benchmark years, we project the slope of our bank loans+railroad bond series to the Goldsmith points. To do this, we used the benchmark years as a baseline for the difference between our data and Goldsmith's. (We refer to this difference as the unallocated debt.) The unallocated debt is then distributed evenly and added to each year of our loan and bond series. (This estimate is independent of our other debt estimates and is treated as such throughout our work.) 1915
76.48% 32.41% 130.00% $47.41 $36.471










1914
78.06% 32.38% 125.00% $43.09 $34.470










1913
70.12% 32.35% 110.00% $40.49 $36.809










1912 103.8% 71.48% 32.33% 103.81% $36.43 $35.092










1911
73.43% 32.30% 105.73% $34.25 $32.391










1910
72.58% 32.27% 104.84% $32.98 $31.454










1909
70.61% 32.24% 102.85% $30.95 $30.088










1908
73.67% 32.21% 105.88% $28.50 $26.920










1907
67.02% 32.18% 99.20% $28.85 $29.085

1906
62.40% 32.15% 94.55% $26.76 $28.297
1905
61.86% 32.13% 93.98% $24.73 $26.315
1904
61.60% 32.10% 93.70% $22.60 $24.116
1903
61.58% 32.07% 93.64% $21.57 $23.032
1902
60.91% 32.04% 92.95% $20.29 $21.834
1901
58.89% 32.01% 90.90% $19.23 $21.159
1900 92.8% 60.82% 31.98% 92.81% $17.42 $18.768
1899
59.98% 31.31% 91.29% $16.47 $18.044
1898
64.57% 30.65% 95.22% $15.17 $15.931
1897
63.46% 29.98% 93.44% $14.36 $15.363
1896
67.33% 29.31% 96.64% $13.94 $14.425
1895
67.42% 28.64% 96.06% $14.13 $14.709
1894
72.47% 27.97% 100.44% $13.43 $13.372
1893
67.84% 27.30% 95.15% $13.85 $14.560
1892
67.48% 26.64% 94.11% $13.67 $14.523
1891
65.99% 25.97% 91.95% $12.91 $14.043
1890
65.80% 25.30% 91.10% $12.40 $13.613


1889
60.45% 24.63% 85.08% $11.69 $13.738


1888
60.33% 23.96% 84.29% $10.88 $12.904


1887
55.89% 23.29% 79.18% $10.10 $12.756


1886
51.77% 22.62% 74.39% $9.07 $12.199


1885
50.98% 21.96% 72.94% $8.64 $11.841


1884
49.18% 21.29% 70.47% $8.50 $12.056


1883
46.32% 20.62% 66.94% $8.28 $12.376


1882
42.27% 19.95% 62.22% $7.78 $12.502


1881
41.49% 19.28% 60.77% $7.00 $11.521


1880 56.1% 37.49% 18.61% 56.10% $6.27 $11.182












1879
40.18% 18.67% 58.85% $5.60 $9.523












1878
44.15% 18.73% 62.88% $5.49 $8.738












1877
44.49% 18.78% 63.27% $5.65 $8.937












1876
44.20% 18.84% 63.04% $5.55 $8.805












1875
46.49% 18.90% 65.39% $5.92 $9.049












1874
42.24% 18.95% 61.20% $5.50 $8.981












1873
35.22% 19.01% 54.22% $5.04 $9.300












1872
29.39% 19.07% 48.46% $4.33 $8.927












1871
25.98% 19.12% 45.10% $3.97 $8.805












1870
23.74% 19.18% 42.92% $3.66 $8.520












1869
19.96% 19.23% 39.20% $3.26 $8.309












1868
18.54% 19.29% 37.83% $3.18 $8.406












1867
16.30% 19.35% 35.65% $2.97 $8.335












1866
14.66% 19.40% 34.06% $2.93 $8.598












1865
12.06% 19.46% 31.52% $2.76 $8.758












1864
11.91% 19.52% 31.43% $2.76 $8.788












1863
18.00% 19.57% 37.58% $2.32 $6.165












1862
22.85% 19.63% 42.48% $2.08 $4.887












1861
27.43% 19.69% 47.12% $2.00 $4.244












1860
28.96% 19.74% 48.70% $2.01 $4.118












1859
28.82% 19.80% 48.62% $2.01 $4.137












1858
24.60% 19.86% 44.46% $1.90 $4.263












1857
27.18% 19.91% 47.09% $1.90 $4.027












1856
23.86% 19.97% 43.83% $1.83 $4.167












1855
22.38% 20.03% 42.41% $1.68 $3.965












1854
22.96% 20.08% 43.04% $1.53 $3.564












1853
15.49% 20.14% 35.63% $1.28 $3.590












1852
17.70% 20.19% 37.89% $1.21 $3.196












1851
16% 20.25% 36.25% $1.03 $2.841












1850 35.31% 15.00% 20.31% 35.31% $0.99 $2.803












1849
13.17% 19.86% 33.03% $0.83 $2.521












1848
13.51% 19.41% 32.92% $0.84 $2.547












1847
12.32% 18.95% 31.27% $0.79 $2.517












1846
13.70% 18.50% 32.20% $0.73 $2.277












1845
13.50% 18.05% 31.55% $0.67 $2.133












1844
13.27% 17.60% 30.87% $0.61 $1.989












1843
13.71% 17.15% 30.86% $0.57 $1.852












1842
19.10% 16.70% 35.80% $0.61 $1.691












1841
21.80% 16.25% 38.05% $0.67 $1.771












1840
25.22% 15.79% 41.01% $0.75 $1.832












1839
26.21% 15.34% 41.55% $0.78 $1.877












1838
26.71% 14.89% 41.60% $0.76 $1.816












1837
28.15% 14.44% 42.59% $0.79 $1.865












1836
26.19% 13.99% 40.18% $0.70 $1.745












1835
21.75% 13.54% 35.29% $0.59 $1.678












1834
19.68% 13.09% 32.77% $0.54 $1.646












1833

12.64% 28.94% $0.46 $1.598












1832

12.18% 28.48% $0.42 $1.458












1831

11.73% 28.03% $0.37 $1.335












1830

11.28% 27.58% $0.34 $1.233












1829

10.83% 27.13% $0.34 $1.237












1828

10.38% 26.68% $0.32 $1.212












1827

9.93% 26.23% $0.31 $1.181












1826

9.48% 25.78% $0.30 $1.177












1825

9.03% 25.33% $0.32 $1.245












1824

8.57% 24.87% $0.28 $1.109












1823

8.12% 24.42% $0.27 $1.093












1822

7.67% 23.97% $0.27 $1.124












1821

7.22% 23.52% $0.24 $1.029












1820

6.77% 23.07% $0.25 $1.083












1819

6.32% 22.62% $0.28 $1.224












1818

5.87% 22.17% $0.30 $1.358












1817

5.42% 21.72% $0.29 $1.325












1816

4.96% 21.26% $0.27 $1.285












1815

4.51% 20.81% $0.26 $1.247












1814

4.06% 20.36% $0.24 $1.176












1813

3.61% 19.91% $0.20 $0.994












1812

3.16% 19.46% $0.16 $0.825












1811

2.71% 19.01% $0.15 $0.789












1810

2.26% 18.56% $0.14 $0.770












1809

1.81% 18.11% $0.13 $0.717












1808

1.35% 17.65% $0.11 $0.640












1807

0.90% 17.20% $0.12 $0.684












1806

0.45% 16.75% $0.12 $0.689












1805 16.30%
0.00% 16.30% $0.11 $0.697






















































Railroad bond data is unavailable prior to 1852















Sheet 3: Construction Debt estimate
Our construction debt estimate assumes that 40% of construction value was financed by debt and paid off with a 4-year amortization period.







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































$ in mil 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919



Total Value of Building Permits (Riggleman) $129.66 $186.41 $296.63 $355.25 $373.91 $458.40 $770.38 $388.43 $305.66 $278.49 $205.44 $212.05 $156.59 $120.42 $146.55 $203.58 $295.15 $413.02 $372.91 $430.19 $572.92 $611.05 $731.72 $813.35 $815.08 $666.83 $713.57 $729.81 $434.78 $497.71 $561.88 $388.51 $351.26 $564.60 $390.86 $625.18 $913.20 $1,092.46 $1,300.59 $1,458.79 $1,353.98 $1,545.67 $1,232.95 $1,201.66 $982.77 $922.12 $752.17 $660.76 $559.53 $641.91 $789.62 $994.84 $1,211.78 $1,357.61 $1,312.47 $1,504.18 $1,691.23 $1,771.21 $1,671.73 $2,038.14 $2,229.03 $1,923.30 $2,025.72 $1,523.47 $1,357.53 $1,767.32 $1,449.39 $1,547.34 $1,332.90 $1,745.67 $1,320.99 $1,984.60 $1,996.49 $2,006.12 $2,395.14 $3,180.21 $3,384.68 $3,102.71 $2,735.82 $3,658.51 $3,457.87 $3,311.49 $3,545.51 $3,210.37 $2,871.25 $2,997.28 $3,688.95 $2,344.59 $1,402.60 $4,228.64




$129.66 $97.24 $64.83 $32.41


























































































$186.41 $139.81 $93.20 $46.60


























































































$296.63 $222.47 $148.32 $74.16
























































































estimate--->
$355.25 $266.44 $177.62 $88.81


























































































$373.91 $280.43 $186.96 $93.48


























































































$458.40 $343.80 $229.20 $114.60


























































































$770.38 $577.78 $385.19 $192.59


























































































$388.43 $291.33 $194.22 $97.11


























































































$305.66 $229.25 $152.83 $76.42


























































































$278.49 $208.87 $139.24 $69.62


























































































$205.44 $154.08 $102.72 $51.36


























































































$212.05 $159.04 $106.02 $53.01


























































































$156.59 $117.44 $78.30 $39.15


























































































$120.42 $90.32 $60.21 $30.11


























































































$146.55 $109.91 $73.28 $36.64


























































































$203.58 $152.69 $101.79 $50.90


























































































$295.15 $221.36 $147.57 $73.79


























































































$413.02 $309.77 $206.51 $103.26


























































































$372.91 $279.68 $186.45 $93.23


























































































$430.19 $322.64 $215.09 $107.55


























































































$572.92 $429.69 $286.46 $143.23


























































































$611.05 $458.29 $305.52 $152.76


























































































$731.72 $548.79 $365.86 $182.93


























































































$813.35 $610.01 $406.67 $203.34


























































































$815.08 $611.31 $407.54 $203.77


























































































$666.83 $500.13 $333.42 $166.71


























































































$713.57 $535.17 $356.78 $178.39


























































































$729.81 $547.36 $364.91 $182.45


























































































$434.78 $326.09 $217.39 $108.70


























































































$497.71 $373.28 $248.86 $124.43


























































































$562 $421 $281 $140


























































































$389 $291 $194 $97


























































































$351 $263 $176 $88


























































































$565 $423 $282 $141


























































































$391 $293 $195 $98


























































































$625 $469 $313 $156


























































































$913 $685 $457 $228


























































































$1,092 $819 $546 $273


























































































$1,301 $975 $650 $325


























































































$1,459 $1,094 $729 $365


























































































$1,354 $1,015 $677 $338


























































































$1,546 $1,159 $773 $386


























































































$1,233 $925 $616 $308


























































































$1,202 $901 $601 $300


























































































$983 $737 $491 $246


























































































$922 $692 $461 $231


























































































$752 $564 $376 $188


























































































$661 $496 $330 $165


























































































$560 $420 $280 $140


























































































$642 $481 $321 $160


























































































$790 $592 $395 $197


























































































$995 $746 $497 $249


























































































$1,212 $909 $606 $303


























































































$1,358 $421 $281 $140


























































































$1,312 $984 $656 $328


























































































$1,504 $1,128 $752 $376


























































































$1,691 $1,268 $846 $423


























































































$1,771 $1,328 $886 $443


























































































$1,672 $1,254 $836 $418


























































































$2,038 $1,529 $1,019 $510


























































































$2,229 $1,672 $1,115 $557


























































































$1,923 $1,442 $962 $481


























































































$2,026 $1,519 $1,013 $506


























































































$1,523 $1,143 $762 $381


























































































$1,358 $1,018 $679 $339


























































































$1,767 $1,325 $884 $442


























































































$1,449 $1,087 $725 $362


























































































$1,547 $1,161 $774 $387


























































































$1,333 $1,000 $666 $333


























































































$1,746 $1,309 $873 $436


























































































$1,321 $991 $660 $330


























































































$1,985 $1,488 $992 $496


























































































$1,996 $1,497 $998 $499


























































































$2,006 $1,505 $1,003 $502


























































































$2,395 $1,796 $1,198 $599


























































































$3,180 $2,385 $1,590 $795


























































































$3,385 $2,539 $1,692 $846


























































































$3,103 $2,327 $1,551 $776


























































































$2,736 $2,052 $1,368 $684


























































































$3,659 $2,744 $1,829 $915


























































































$3,458 $2,593 $1,729 $864


























































































$3,311 $2,484 $1,656 $828


























































































$3,546 $2,659 $1,773 $886


























































































$3,210 $2,408 $1,605 $803


























































































$2,871 $2,153 $1,436 $718


























































































$2,997 $2,248 $1,499 $749


























































































$3,689 $2,767 $1,844 $922



























































































$2,345 $1,758 $1,172




























































































$1,403 $1,052





























































































$4,229


4-year amortization





























































































millions $130 $284 $501 $703 $835 $991 $1,390 $1,289 $1,097 $895 $664 $582 $488 $395 $368 $413 $551 $773 $881 $990 $1,185 $1,349 $1,584 $1,811 $1,944 $1,868 $1,825 $1,802 $1,506 $1,367 $562 $810 $924 $1,163 $1,087 $1,288 $1,719 $2,188 $2,733 $3,209 $3,371 $3,616 $3,434 $3,238 $2,887 $2,568 $2,236 $1,932 $1,662 $1,580 $1,716 $2,048 $2,513 $2,961 $2,588 $3,072 $3,616 $4,120 $4,222 $4,600 $5,036 $5,032 $5,092 $4,562 $3,994 $4,054 $3,835 $3,857 $3,660 $3,881 $3,684 $4,181 $4,582 $4,826 $5,394 $6,479 $7,469 $7,830 $7,550 $8,108 $8,345 $8,418 $8,673 $8,390 $7,880 $7,642 $8,175 $7,328 $5,755 $7,375



billions $0.130 $0.284 $0.501 $0.703 $0.835 $0.991 $1.390 $1.289 $1.097 $0.895 $0.664 $0.582 $0.488 $0.395 $0.368 $0.413 $0.551 $0.773 $0.881 $0.990 $1.185 $1.349 $1.584 $1.811 $1.944 $1.868 $1.825 $1.802 $1.506 $1.367 $0.562 $0.810 $0.924 $1.163 $1.087 $1.288 $1.719 $2.188 $2.733 $3.209 $3.371 $3.616 $3.434 $3.238 $2.887 $2.568 $2.236 $1.932 $1.662 $1.580 $1.716 $2.048 $2.513 $2.961 $2.588 $3.072 $3.616 $4.120 $4.222 $4.600 $5.036 $5.032 $5.092 $4.562 $3.994 $4.054 $3.835 $3.857 $3.660 $3.881 $3.684 $4.181 $4.582 $4.826 $5.394 $6.479 $7.469 $7.830 $7.550 $8.108 $8.345 $8.418 $8.673 $8.390 $7.880 $7.642 $8.175 $7.328 $5.755 $7.375

Debt Assumption 40%




























































































Construction Debt Outstanding millions

$240 $281 $334 $396 $556 $516 $439 $358 $266 $233 $195 $158 $147 $165 $220 $309 $352 $396 $474 $540 $634 $724 $777 $747 $730 $721 $602 $547 $225 $324 $369 $465 $435 $515 $687 $875 $1,093 $1,284 $1,349 $1,446 $1,374 $1,295 $1,155 $1,027 $894 $773 $665 $632 $686 $819 $1,005 $1,185 $1,035 $1,229 $1,446 $1,648 $1,689 $1,840 $2,015 $2,013 $2,037 $1,825 $1,598 $1,621 $1,534 $1,543 $1,464 $1,553 $1,473 $1,673 $1,833 $1,930 $2,158 $2,591 $2,988 $3,132 $3,020 $3,243 $3,338 $3,367 $3,469 $3,356 $3,152 $3,057 $3,270 $2,931 $2,302 $2,950


billions

$0.24 $0.28 $0.33 $0.40 $0.56 $0.52 $0.44 $0.36 $0.27 $0.23 $0.20 $0.16 $0.15 $0.17 $0.22 $0.31 $0.35 $0.40 $0.47 $0.54 $0.63 $0.72 $0.78 $0.75 $0.73 $0.72 $0.60 $0.55 $0.22 $0.32 $0.37 $0.47 $0.43 $0.52 $0.69 $0.88 $1.09 $1.28 $1.35 $1.45 $1.37 $1.30 $1.15 $1.03 $0.89 $0.77 $0.66 $0.63 $0.69 $0.82 $1.01 $1.18 $1.04 $1.23 $1.45 $1.65 $1.69 $1.84 $2.01 $2.01 $2.04 $1.82 $1.60 $1.62 $1.53 $1.54 $1.46 $1.55 $1.47 $1.67 $1.83 $1.93 $2.16 $2.59 $2.99 $3.13 $3.02 $3.24 $3.34 $3.37 $3.47 $3.36 $3.15 $3.06 $3.27 $2.93 $2.30 $2.95

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...Sheet about a brief history of doom tab description total private debt estimate our for years using own loan and bond series combined with benchmark data from goldsmith s balance this is independent other estimates treated as such throughout work construction estimated value along year amortization period the financed by mortgage rough canal investment assuming deferred payoff land federal receipts cre great depression nonresidential spending utility different sources growth reference cotton industry constant percentage production us index national assets united states raymond w quot table in comparative sheets study twenty countries nbsp chicago il university press bureau census n liabilities all banks historical statistics washington dc government printing office httpswwwcensusgovprodstatcompdocumentshistoricalstatisticsoftheunitedstatespdf railway share list american railroad journal colean miles l robinson newcomb activity riggleman long department commerce labor building cycles ci...

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