LEARNING GOALS
    1. Intelligence
    2. Learning and Thinking Styles
    3. Personality and Temperament
     WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
      Intelligence: Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and 
      learn from experiences
      Binet Tests
       MA (Mental Age): an individual’s level of mental development relative to others
       IQ (Intelligence Quotient): a person’s mental age divided by chronological age, 
      multiplied by 100
       Normal distribution: A symmetrical distribution with a majority of scores falling in 
      the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the 
      extremes of the range
      Weschler Scales
      Group Intelligence Tests
      THEORIES OF MULTIPLE 
      INTELLIGENCES
       Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: 
       1. Analytical
       2. Creative 
       3. Practical
       Gardner’s Eight Frame of Mind: 
       1. Verbal skills
       2. Mathematical skills
       3. Spatial skills
       4. Bodily-kinesthetic skills
       5. Musical skills
       6. Intrapersonal skills
       7. Interpersonal skills
       8. Naturalist skills
     CONTROVERSIES AND 
     ISSUES IN INTELLIGENCE
      Nature-nurture issue: Issue that involves the debate about whether 
      development is primarily influenced by nature (an organism’s 
      biological inheritance) or nurture (environmental experiences)
      Cultural bias and culture-fair tests
       Stereotype threat: The anxiety that one’s behavior might confirm a negative 
      stereotype about one’s group
       Culture-fair test: Tests of intelligence that are intended to be free of cultural bias 
     CONTROVERSIES AND 
     ISSUES IN INTELLIGENCE 
     (CONT.)
      Ability Grouping and Tracking
       Between-class ability grouping (tracking): Grouping students based on their 
      ability or tracking
       Within-class ability grouping: Placing students in two or three groups within a 
      class to take into account differences in students’ abilities
       Nongraded (cross-age) program: A variation of between-class ability grouping in 
      which students are grouped by their ability in particular subjects regardless of 
      their age or grade level