(Section 1)
                The Definitions of language and Communication
   Before we are studying a communication concept, we should understand the meaning of language because it has been 
   main means in accomplish relationships between people, companies, organizations, governments... 
      What is a language?
   A systematic form of communication that composed of a set of sounds and symbols shared by people, and defined as 
   the system of human expression by means of words in speech or writing. Although no one can place on exact date on 
   when humans first began to use spoken language.    
   The langouste MICHAEL CORBAIZIS says that unlike animals, humans use language not just to signal emotional 
   states or territorial claims but also to shape each other's' mind. 
   The languages scientists classified language into more of than one classification ,Some of them divided the 
   languages into three types as following:-
   •Sign language: the hand gestures can indicate thoughts and feelings as well. People who have impaired hearing or       
             speech as well as their friends, Families and co–workers, use this language.
   •Pidgin language: - A language that uses words or phrases from than one language for allowing people to 
   communicate without learning one another language.
   •Written language: It is probably emerged around 7000 years ago. Although no one know for sure.
   Other scientists classified languages into two main types, as following:- 
   A – Verbal language, which it refers to use words either written or spoken.
   B – Nonverbal language (body language) which it refers to hand gestures, facial expression, eye contact, physical         
                                touch, this means have a capacity to convey meaning.  
                              .
 What is communication mean?
    The communication term comes from the Latin language, which indicates to impart or share. 
 Communication is the social process in which two or more parties exchange information and 
 share meaning. Alternatively, the act of conveying message from one person or group to another 
 person or group. Or the process of sending and receiving messages through spoken or written 
 words, and sometimes through nonverbal means as facial expressions, gestures, and voice 
 qualities.
 Human communication is incredibly complex .we share everything such as ; Ideas , hopes , 
 dreams, joys , anger and fear by talking singing .dancing , painting ,Writing , smiling ,crying  and 
 …..Etc. We communicate with words, both spoken and written. In addition, we communicate 
 nonverbally through facial expressions, posture, gestures and the like.
 What are the purposes of communication? 
 We can determine the purpose of communication as following:- 
 •
 Achieve coordination between the actions of the parts of an organization.          
 •
  Give members positive sense about purpose by provide them important information related to 
 organization goals.
 •
 Give employees results about jobs and duties.
 •
 Comprehensive communications needed to define problems and support decisions making.
 •
 Make control process and evaluate results easier.
                                                                            (Section 4) 
                                                                   Written communication
  Writing is more difficult than speaking because we have to get our message correct the first time and we 
  do not have the advantage of immediate feedback besides nonverbal clues such as facial expressions to 
  help us achieve our objective. In most firms, typing written communication includes the following:-
  •
  Email: It is a message transmitted electronically over a computer network.     
  •
  Web site: It comprises one or more pages of related information that is posted on the World Wide Web 
  (www) and is accessed via the internet. The main page of a website is called its [home page].
  •
  Memorandum: It is a written message sent to someone or working in the same organization.                     
    
  •
  Letter: It is a written message sent to someone outside the organization. 
  •
  Report: it is an orderly and objective presentation of information that assists in decision-making and 
  problem solving . For example, the common business reports include policies and procedures, status 
  report, financial report personnel evaluation report .
  •
  Miscellaneous: This types include several of written communication include contracts, sales literature, 
  newsletters and bulletin – board notices.
  Writing is crucial to the modern organization because it serves as the major source of documentation. In 
  order to written message achieve their goals, it must be read . The skill of efficient reading that becoming 
  more important in today for some reason such as:
  •
  Technological society.      
  •
  The abundance of widespread computing and word processing capabilities.  
    
  -Business letter: 
  A letter can be defined as a written message sent to somebody by post. While business letter consider 
  .a primary means to exchange goods and services freely through the world between various companies
  A business companies has been depended on writing letters as major means of communication to 
  perform their transactions.
  The business transactions under taken by the several of firms whether they are state owned or privately 
  owned are conducted by means of letters. If both writer and typist keep in mind the following point's 
  aid to a good letter:-
  •
  Stationery should be of high quality paper.
  •
  Typing should be accurate 
  •
  The language of the letter should be clear, Concise and grammatically correct.
  •
  The writer always keeping in mind the reader's reaction. It has often been said that an attractive letter 
  should look like  asymmetrically framed picture with even margins working as a  frame for the typed 
  line that are balanced under the letter head. Planning a head before starting to type is the real key to 
  letter symmetry.          
  Importance and Function of Letter writing:
     
  We can determine the importance of letters writing as following:-
  •
  It is preferable and desirable more than oral communication because it leaves a record for future 
  reference .In other words it considers as documentations
  •
  It is aids to complete most company's functions because firms write letters to customers, suppliers, 
  agencies, employees, government offices .Banks and many other establishments to make enquiries to 
  selling goods and collecting payments. 
  •
  Foreign trade depends on letter writing to accomplish import and export transactions in every trading. 
  Organization that deal with large-scale importation of consumer goods and capital goods have 
  constituted specialized department to contact suppliers and follow up the import procedures.
  •
   
  Export activates also are achieved mainly by means of letters starting from writing offer until the goods 
  are dispatched and received by the  importer. 
  We can determine the functions of business letters as following: 
  •
  To give information to the reader because the achievement of firms objectives depended on the quality 
  and quantity of information which supplied for them.
  •
  To get information from consumers involve their opinions' about productions and services which 
  provided by their companies. In other word business, letters used as feedback channel and attempt to 
  construct a nice image about it.
  •
  To build good will that refers to a feeling of confidence in accompany that makes a customer trade 
  with it rather than with another.