Siapa yang membutuhkan manajemen ?
     Perusahaan (bisnis) 
     Semua tipe organisasi
     Semua tipe kegiatan
  Mengapa manajemen dibutuhkan ?
  1. Untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi
  2. Untuk  menjaga  keseimbangan  di  antara 
    tujuan-tujuan yang saling bertentangan
  3. Untuk mencapai efisiensi dan efektifitas
      WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
     • Management
       – The planning, organizing, leading, and 
         controlling of human and other resources to 
         achieve organizational goals effectively and 
         efficiently.
     • Managers
       – The people responsible for supervising the use of 
         an organization’s resources to meet its goals.
     • Resources are organizational assets
       – People          Skills     Knowledge Information
       – Raw materials          Machinery Financial capital
                                                                  1–3
      MANAGEMENT IS…
                                    Efficiency
           Getting work             Efficiency
            Getting work
           done through
           done through
               others
                others            Effectiveness
                                  Effectiveness
                                                       4
    EFFICIENCY AND 
    EFFECTIVENESS
      • Efficiency (Focus on Process/means)
        – Getting work done with a minimum of 
         effort, expense, or waste
        – Doings things right—most output for least 
         input
      • Effectiveness (Focus on ends)
        – Accomplishing tasks that help fulfill 
         organizational objectives
        – Doing the right things (you do your job well)
                                                        5
   EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND PERFORMANCE IN 
   AN ORGANIZATION