Root Cause Analysis (Fishbone)
                           People                               Production                              Marketing
                  Lack resources allocated                  Inappropriate Planning                Deficiency in Promotion
                    Unclear of responsibility                      Reduced Quality                      Dull Product Image
                                                                                                                                                         Declining Sales
                           No policy in place                         Poor Inventory                     High Staff turnover
                    No monitoring/reporting               Old management system                     Lack of Vital Expertise
                           Process                             Management                         Human Resource
              SIX SIGMA Analysis - DMAIC
              DMAIC refers to a data-driven improvement cycle used for improving, optimizing and stabilizing 
              business processes and designs. The DMAIC improvement cycle is the core tool used to drive Six 
              Sigma projects.
                D                             M                              A                              I                            C
          Define the problem          Measure the defects &             Analyze & find              Improve the process            Control & monitor
           & what customer              process operation              causes of defect
                                                                                                      • Identify solution       •  Implement process control
               requires
                                       •  Identify project output    • Identify the root causes     • Refine & test solution     •  Prepare roll-out solution
         •  Select project – CTO’s              metric               • Quantify the opportunity    •  Cost benefit calculation       • Project Closure
         •  Create project charter   • Develop data collection plan
                  Run Charts                                         50
                   We’re tracking trends & to comparing              45
                   our performance (e.g. delays, errors, 
                   reworks) before and after                         40
                   implementation of our solution to 
                                                                     35
                   measure its impact. It focuses attention 
                   on vital changes in the process.                  30
                                                                     25
                          Median = 22.5
                                                                     20
                                                                     15
                         Percentage
                                                                     10
                         Median
                                                                      5
                                                                      0
                                                                      Wk 1   Wk 2   Wk 3   Wk 4   Wk 5    Wk 6   Wk 7   Wk 8   Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 Wk 12 Wk 13 Wk 14
                                                                   Kaizen Implementation
                                               01                            02                             03                             04                            05
                             Plan                             Do                             Check                         Action
                             Lean Diagnostic                Baseline Analysis               Develop Plan                   Coaching                      Follow Up
                             Replace                        Seek the advice of              Think of how to do             Better products,              Reduce expenses and 
                             conventional fixed             many associates before          something, not why             service, working              manpower, and use of 
                             ideas with fresh               starting a Kaizen               it cannot be done.             environment, and              material, energy and 
                             ones. Start by                 activity.                       Don’t make                     processes and                 resources. Implement a 
                             questioning current            Think of how to do              excuses. Make                  practices. Correct            solution right away, even 
                             practices and                  something, not why it           execution happen.              mistakes right away.          if it covers only 50 
                             standards.                     cannot be done.                                                                              percent.
                                                                            Deming Cycle (PDCA)
                                Plan                                                Do
                        Identifying a goal or purpose,                    Implementing the plan on a                                            A                            P
                        formulating a theory, defining                    small scale to prove or disprove 
                        success metrics, eliminating                      it’s validity. If invalid, go back to 
                        potential problem and putting a plan              the first step and restart the 
                        into action.                                      cycle
                               Check                                               Act
                        Measuring and monitoring outcomes                 Taking the knowledge gained from                                      C                            D
                        to test the validity of the plan. This            the previous steps and putting it to 
                        allows for identification of potential            use. This can either mean 
                        problems and areas for improvement                implementing it on a wider scale or 
                                                                          restart the cycle