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Research Article _______________________________________________________________________ Journal of Tourism, Hospitality Tourism development plan for the & Culinary Arts (JTHCA) 2019, Vol. 11 (1) pp 65-81 © The Author(s) 2019 Calicoan Island: A community- Reprints and permission: UiTM Press Submit date: 15th February 2019 Accept date: 24th May 2019 based tourism (CBT) approach th Publish date: 30 June 2019 1 Niña Jesusa P. Anore 1 Charmaigne Joy E. Bersamin 1 Issa Marie M. Catapang 1 Gil Ernest M. Gatinga 1 Ma. Angelica M. Gomez 1 Sophia Joy L. Robles 1,2 Jame Monren T. Mercado* 1 College of Tourism and Hospitality Management University of Santo Tomas, City of Manila, PHILIPPINES 2 Research Center for Social Sciences and Education University of Santo Tomas, City of Manila, PHILIPPINES jtmercado@ust.edu.ph Proposed citation: Anore, N.J.P., Bersamin, C.J.E., Catapang, I.M.M., Gatinga, G.E.M., Gomez, M.A.M., Robles, S.J.L. & Mercado, J.M.T. (2019). Developing tourism in the Calicoan Island: A community-based tourism (CBT) approach. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 11(1), 65-81. Abstract This paper intends to analyse the perception of the stakeholders towards tourism development plan using community-based tourism approach in the case of Calicoan Island, Municipality of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Data were collected by providing surveys for the locals and tourists and conducting an interview with the municipal mayor and the tourism officer of Guiuan. For this tourism development plan using the community based-tourism approach, the perception of the tourists and locals were identified and analysed. From the paper, it has been found that Calicoan is still a very raw island. Although the island has its limits to its tourism products such as accommodation, goods, and other services, Calicoan Island is a tourist destination with great potential and a lot of opportunities in different factors. Calicoan Island will be able to achieve success if it is properly organised by the tourism industry. Keywords: Calicoan Island; community-based tourism; tourism development plan 65 1 Introduction The concept of community-based tourism (CBT) is usually projected or viewed as a more sustainable form of tourism compared to mass tourism because it permits the host communities to be free from the management of outside operators. To achieve the objectives of community development and maximise the advantages and benefits of tourism to local people as one of its proponents’ advocacies, there is a need to build and strengthen the community empowerment and its capacity (Rocharungsat, 2008). By developing CBT, the UNWTO was able to help and guide local communities for developing tourism under the principal of sustainability (UNWTO, 2008). Guiuan, Eastern Samar is situated at the southernmost tip of Samar where Calicoan Island can be found. The island is branded as the “Surfer’s Paradise” of Visayas. It offers rich landscapes, delightful lagoons, tropical rainforests, a majestic long stretch of white sand beaches, blue crystal-clear water and spectacular sunlight that the tourists are looking for. But, one of the more current problems or issue of the tourism industry in Guiuan is the lack of strategies implemented in strengthening the industry in their place. The ways on how to develop and strengthen the tourism industry, specifically in Calicoan Island using the community-based approach, was the general problem. Figure 1: Municipality of Guiuan, Eastern Samar (Source: Wikipedia.com) 66 Figure 2: Calicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar (Source: Wikipedia.com ) This study generally seeks to integrate a tourism development plan of Calicoan Island using a CBT approach. The researchers assessed the current tourism development factors in Calicoan Island in terms of attractions, amenities, and facilities, and the accessibility of the place. The researchers also gathered information on the perspectives of the local community or the residents of the island, the tourists, and the local government unit (LGU) of Guiuan in developing Calicoan Island with the use of the CBT approach. This study will benefit the local government as well as the local community of Guiuan to understand the challenges and opportunities presented by the tourist attractions of the island. The local community in this province will have other sources of income and more job opportunities as a result of growth in the tourism industry. This study will assess possible improvements and development of Calicoan Island as well as the marketing strategies needed to promote the destination. Also, this would enhance the quality of life of the local community and contribute to an economic level. Calicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar is the center of this research. The first part of the theory is related to the international perspective. Under the international perspective is the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Convention Global Code of Ethics Article Number 5 that emphasizes the involvement of tourism as an activity that would benefit both the host country and the community and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Tourism Strategic Plan 2016-2025 specifically the ASEAN Community-based Tourism Standard. The second part of the theory is related to the national perspective, which includes the Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9593 or the Tourism Act of 2009 and the National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP) 2016-2022 execution. The approach that the researchers will use is the CBT approach, where the perspectives of the local community were included. 67 1.1 Theoretical Framework Figure 3: Research Framework 2 Literature Review 2.1 Background of the Tourism Industry According to United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism consists of the things and activities that people or tourists are travelling or staying to other places in not more than a year that is not their habitual place for leisure, work, and others. Tourism is the temporary, short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay in the destination they go. It also includes the movements for all purposes. However, Ugurlulu (2011) said that tourism is not the same as travelling. There are standards that are utilised at the same time with the end goal to portray an output as having a place with tourism. The displacement must be such that; (a) It involves a displacement outside the usual environment: this term is of utmost importance and will be discussed later on; (b) Type of purpose: the travel must occur for any purpose different from being remunerated from within the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism was restricted to recreation and visiting family and friends are now expanded to include a vast array of purposes; (c) Duration: only a maximal duration is mentioned, not a minimal. Tourism displacement can be with or without an overnight stay. Though travel and tourism were said to be different from each other, the other two still correlate with each other. Travel and tourism were used before for one main purpose, which is leisure. 2.2 Tourism Planning and Development Sharpley (2015) believes that tourism has long been considered an effective vehicle of development. Indeed, it was its potential to contribute to or to catalyse economic growth in destination areas that, reflecting and then prevailing modernist paradigm of development, first, there is a need to have established tourism as a favoured path to development, particularly within the international context. The need for tourism planning is significant for the development of the industry. Tourism planning is also defined as a process that involves the coordination between the planning on land usage, 68
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