Unit 5.1 Periodic Table: Its
                                           Structure and Function
                                             Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys
                                                      Objectives
                                  • Mendeleev
                                  • Information in the Periodic Table
                                      –Metals, nonmetals and metalloids
                                      –Main Group, Transition Metals, Rare Earth
                                        and Actinide
                              Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
                              In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)
                              published nearly identical classification  schemespublished nearly identical classification  schemes
                              for elements known to date.  The periodic table isfor elements known to date.  The periodic table is
                              base on the similarity of properties andbase on the similarity of properties and
                              reactivities exhibited by certain elements.   Later,reactivities exhibited by certain elements.   Later,
                              Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) establishedHenri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established
                              that each elements has a unique atomic number,that each elements has a unique atomic number,
                              which is how the current periodic table iswhich is how the current periodic table is
                              organized.organized.
                              http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1
                                 Information About Each
                                             Element
                            Atomic Number          1
                                                 H Atomic Symbol
                             Average Atomic     1.00794
                                  Mass
                            Periodic Table Expanded View
                         ••The way the periodic table usuallyThe way the periodic table usually
                         seen is a compress view, placingseen is a compress view, placing
                         the Lanthanides and actinides atthe Lanthanides and actinides at
                         the bottom of the stable.the bottom of the stable.
                         ••TThhee  PPeerriiooddiicc  TTaabbllee  ccaann  bbee  aarrrraannggee  bbyy
                         ssuubbsshheellllss..    TThhee  ss--bblloocckk  iiss  GGrroouupp  IIAA  aanndd
                         &&  IIIIAA,,  tthhee  pp--bblloocckk  iiss  GGrroouupp  IIIIIIAA  --  VVIIIIIIAA..
                         TThhee  dd--bblloocckk  iiss  tthhee  ttrraannssiittiioonn  mmeettaallss,,  aanndd
                         tthhee  ff--bblloocckk  aarree  tthhee  LLaanntthhaanniiddeess  aanndd
                         AAccttiinniiddee  mmeettaallss
                                                                                                                                                            2
                                                                       Periodic Table: Metals and
                                                                                                         Nonmetals
                                                             1                                                                                                                                18
                                                             IA                                                                                                                             VIIIA
                                                                     2                                                                                  13     14      15     16      17
                                                         1          IIA                                                                                IIIA   IVA     VA     VIA     VIIA
                                                                      • Layout of the Periodic Table:  Metals vs. nonmetals
                                                         2
                                                                            3       4       5      6       7      8       9      10     11      12
                                                         3                 IIIB    IVB     VB     VIB    VIIB           VIIIB            IB     IIB
                                                         4                                                                                                           Nonmetals
                                                                                            Metals                                                                   Nonmetals
                                                         5                                   Metals
                                                         6
                                                         7
                                                                                Periodic Table: Classification
                                                                          •  Metals - Solids, luster, conduct heat and electricity, malleable and ductile
                                                                          •  Nonmetals - Gases, liquids or low melting solids that are sometimes brittle and nonconducting
                                                                          •  Metalloids - Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.  Element along the stair case, except
                                                                             aluminum, which is a metal.
                                                                          •  Noble gases - Monoatomic, unreactive gases
                                                                                        Three Element Types:
                                                                              Main, Transition, Rare Earth
                                                                                        •   Main Group (Representative)
                                                                                        •   Transition metals
                                                                                        •   lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3
                                                                                 Across the Periodic Table
                                                                                          Periods:  Are arranged horizontally across the 
                                                                                          Periods:  Are arranged horizontally across the 
                                                                                                             periodic table (rows 1-7).  TThese elementshese elements
                                                                                                              periodic table (rows 1-7).  
                                                                                                             have the same number of valence shells.have the same number of valence shells.
                                                                       1                                     Their properties change systematically.Their properties change systematically.                                18
                                                                      IA                                                                                                                                                 VIIIA
                                                                                2                                                                                              13       14       15       16      17
                                                                 1             IIA                                                                                            IIIA     IVA      VA      VIA      VIIA
                                                                                            2nd Period
                                                                 2
                                                                                        3        4        5        6        7       8        9       10       11       12
                                                                 3                     IIIB     IVB      VB      VIB      VIIB            VIIIB               IB      IIB
                                                                 4
                                                                 5
                                                                                          6th Period
                                                                 6
                                                                 7
                                                                                     Down the Periodic Table
                                                                                  ••FFaammiilliieess  oorr  ggrroouuppss::  AArree  aarrrraannggeedd  vveerrttiiccaallllyy  ddoowwnn  tthhee  ppeerriiooddiicc  ttaabbllee
                                                                                  ((ccoolluummnnss  oorr  ggrroouupp,,  11--  1188    oorr  11--88  AA,,BB))..    TThheessee  eelleemmeennttss  hhaavvee  tthhee  ssaammee
                                                                                  nnuummbbeerr    eelleeccttrroonnss  iinn  tthhee  oouutteerr  mmoosstt  sshheellllss,,  tthhee  vvaalleennccee  sshheellll..
                                                                      1                                                                                                                                                  18
                                                                     IA                                                                                                                                                VIIIA
                                                                              2                 Alkali Family:                                                                13      14       15       16      17
                                                                1            IIA                                                                                             IIIA    IVA      VA       VIA     VIIA
                                                                                                1 e- in the valence shell
                                                                2
                                                                                       3        4        5       6        7        8       9       10       11       12
                                                                3                    IIIB     IVB      VB       VIB     VIIB             VIIIB              IB       IIB
                                                                4
                                                                                                                                                           Halogen Family: 
                                                                5                                                                                          7 e-  in the valence shell
                                                                6
                                                                7
                                                                 Infamous Families in Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Halogen
                                                                           Alkali                                                                                                                 Halogen
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Noble Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Noble Gas
                                                                                     Alkaline                                                                                        Chalcogens
                                                                                                                                                                                     Chalcogens
                                                                      1                (earth)                                                                                                                             18
                                                                     IA                                                                                                                                                  VIIIA
                                                                              2                                                                                               13       14       15       16       17
                                                                1            IIA                              Transition Metals                                               IIIA    IVA      VA       VIA     VIIA
                                                                                                              Transition Metals
                                                                2
                                                                                       3        4        5        6       7        8        9       10       11       12
                                                                3                    IIIB     IVB       VB      VIB     VIIB             VIIIB               IB      IIB
                                                                4
                                                                5
                                                                6
                                                                7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4