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CERN 8514 16 September 1985 Super Proton Synchrotron Division ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH PASCAL FOR ENGINEERS: A COURSE INCLUDING OMEGASOFT PASCAL FOR MICROCOMPUTERS Introduction and Training Lothar A. Tausch GENEVA 1985 © Copyright CERN, Genčve, 1985 Propriété littéraire et scientifique réservée pour Literary and scientific copyrights reserved in all tous les pays du monde. Ce document ne peut countries of the world. This report, or any part of ętre reproduit ou traduit en tout ou en partie sans it, may not be reprinted or translated without l'autorisation écrite du Directeur générai du written permission of the copyright holder, the CERN, titulaire du droit d'auteur. Dans les cas DirectorGeneral of CERN. However, permission appropriés, et s'il s'agit d'utiliser le document ŕ will be freely granted for appropriate non des fins non commerciales, cette autorisation commercial use. sera volontiers accordée. If any patentable invention or registrable design Le CERN ne revendique pas la propriété des is described in the report, CERN makes no claim inventions brevetables et dessins ou modčles to property rights in it but offers it for the free use susceptibles de dépôt qui pourraient ętre décrits of research institutions, manufacturers and dans le présent document; ceuxci peuvent ętre others. CERN, however, may oppose any attempt librement utilisés par les instituts de recherche, by a user to claim any proprietary or patent rights les industriels et autres intéressés. Cependant, le in such inventions or designs as may be des CERN se réserve le droit de s'opposer ŕ toute cribed in the present document. revendication qu'un usager pourrait faire de la propriété scientifique ou industrielle de toute invention et tout dessin ou modčle décrits dans le présent document. CERN — Service d'information scientifique RD/681 3000 septembre 1985 ABSTRACT These are the notes of a PASCAL course for controls engineers at CERN. The course starts with 'Standard Pascal' and includes OMEGASOFT*' Pascal, a powerful extension of Pascal towards realtime and systems applications. It demonstrates how a language such as Pascal, with adequate extensions for systems programming and embedded microprocessordriven systems, can substantially increase the productivity of programmers and the reliability of their products. Also enhanced will be the legibility of the programs and their maintainability, since programming in Pascal automatically leads to autodocumentation. Simple examples show how OMEGASOFTPASCAL can be used for efficient programming of embedded systems for realtime data acquisition and control using the MC6809 microprocessor. *) OMEGASOFT is a trademark of the CERTIFIED SOFTWARE CORPORATION. Ill Foreword During the last years Pascal—a structured highlevel programming language—has reached a broad field of applications in engineering. It has been successfuUy introduced into industrial and research applications. CERN, being no exception, is using Pascal increasingly for realtime data acquisition and controls in the fields of particle accelerator controls and of data reduction and controls applications for highenergy experiments. To meet the increasing demand for technical training made by the engineers and technicians responsible for these projects, the present course of Pascal, with the particular aim to process control and realtime data acquisition and monitoring, has been given twice to more than 70 people. This was arranged within the PRIAM project of CERN for support in the microprocessor area. After reproducing the course notes for another 50 interested people not participating in the course, and because of many suggestions for a wider publication, the notes are now published in this report. The present document represents only the backbone of the course, including examples and mementos. It should therefore not be mistaken for a book. A choice of good Pascal books can be found in the Bibliography. Programming in the abovementioned areas has now become an engineering discipline like others. It has been demonstrated repeatedly at CERN and elsewhere that modern controls software for process control can be designed even entirely in a modern highlevel compiled language. This enables efficient engineering of reliable and wellreadable software, an important factor for future control systems and similar applications, since cost and manpower are shifting more and more from hardware efforts to software construction and software maintenance. v
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