A Model
                                                              A Model
                                               Curriculum 
                                               Curriculum 
                                                            for K–12
                                                            for K–12
                                                     Computer
                                                     Computer
                                                           Science:
                                                            Science:
                                                            Final Report 
                                                                                     of the 
                                                                  ACM K–12 
                                                                  Task Force 
                                                                  Curriculum 
                                                                 Committee
                                                                                               Computer
                                                                                               Science
                                                                                               Teachers
                                                                                               Association
                                                                           Realizing its commitment to K-12 education
             A Model Curriculum for K–12
                    Computer Science:
                       Final Report of the
           ACM K–12 Task Force Curriculum Committee
                         October, 2003
                           Allen Tucker
                          Bowdoin College
                              Chair
                   ACM K-12 Task Force Curriculum Committee
                        Committee Members
                            Fadi Deek
                      New Jersey Institute of Technology
                            Jill Jones
                        Carl Hayden High School
                         Dennis McCowan
                         Weston Public Schools
                         Chris Stephenson
                          Executive Director
                             CSTA
                           Anita Verno
                        Bergen Community College
                     The Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.
                                                        th
                                  1515 Broadway, 17  Floor
                                New York, New York 10036
            Copyright © 2004 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc (ACM). Permission
            to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is
            granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or
            commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first
            page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be
            honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted.
            To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior
            specific permission and/or a fee. Request permission to republish from: Publications
            Dept. ACM, Inc. Fax +1-212-869-0481 or E-mail permissions@acm.org.
            For other copying of articles that carry a code at the bottom of the first or last page,
            copying is permitted provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through
            the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923.
                                     ACM ISBN: #1-58113-837-7
                                    ACM Order Number: #104043
                                            Cost: $15.00
                             Additional copies may be ordered prepaid from:
                       ACM Order Department              Phone: 1-800-342-6626
                       P.O. Box 11405                        (U.S.A. and Canada)
                       Church Street Station             +1-212-626-0500
                       New York, NY  10286-1405              (All other countries)
                                                         Fax: +1-212-944-1318
                                                         E-mail: acmhelp@acm.org
                                                                                     2
                                A Model Curriculum for K–12 Computer Science:
                      Final Report of the ACM K–12 Task Force Curriculum Committee
                                                      October, 2003
                                          Allen Tucker (editor)—Bowdoin College
                                       Fadi Deek—New Jersey Institute of Technology
                                            Jill Jones—Carl Hayden High School
                                         Dennis McCowan—Weston Public Schools
                                         Chris Stephenson—University of Waterloo
                                          Anita Verno—Bergen Community College
                    Executive Summary
                    This report proposes a model curriculum that can be used to integrate computer science fluency and
                    competency throughout primary and secondary schools, both in the United States and throughout the
                    world. It is written in response to the pressing need to provide academic coherence to the rapid growth of
                    computing and technology in the modern world, alongside the need for an educated public that can
                    utilize that technology most effectively to the benefit of humankind.
                    Computer science is an established discipline at the collegiate and post-graduate levels. Oddly, the
                    integration of computer science concepts into the K–12 curriculum has not kept pace in the United
                    States. As a result, the general public is not as well educated about computer science as it should be, and
                    a serious shortage of information technologists at all levels exists and may continue into the foreseeable
                    future. This curriculum model aims to help address these problems. It provides a framework within
                    which state departments of education and school districts can revise their curricula to better address the
                    need to educate young people in this important subject area, and thus better prepare them for effective
                                    st
                    citizenship in the 21  century.
                    This curriculum model provides a four-level framework for computer science, and contains roughly the
                    equivalent of four half-year courses (many of these can be taught as modules, integrated among existing
                    science and mathematics curriculum units). The first two levels suggest subject matter that ought to be
                    mastered by all students, while the second two suggest topics that can be elected by students with special
                    interest in computer science, whether they are college-bound or not. The Appendix to this report
                    provides “proof of concept” by outlining existing courses and modules that are now being taught in
                    different school districts at each of the four levels.
                    These recommendations are not made in a vacuum. We understand the serious constraints under which
                    school districts are operating and the up-hill battle that computer science faces in the light of other
                    priorities, as well as time and budget constraints. Thus, we conclude this report with a series of
                    recommendations that are intended to provide support for a long-term evolution of computer science in
                    K–12 schools. Many follow-up efforts will be needed to sustain the momentum we hope this report will
                    generate. Teacher training, curriculum innovation, in-class testing, textbook and Web site development,
                    and dissemination are but a few of the challenges.
                    We hope this report will serve as a catalyst for widespread discussions and the initiation of many pilot
                    projects that can take the evolution of K–12 computer science to the next level. We invite you to read the
                    entire report, and then to take part in this discussion in a way that mutually benefits both you and the
                    K–12 education community. More information about ongoing activities that are related to this effort can
                    be found at: http://ww.acm.org/education/k12/.
                                                                                                            3