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                                                                         Bannl-
                           Benha University                              E
                  Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra                      mad 
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       Post-Graduate 
       ECE-601 
       Active Circuits                                                    
       Lecture #2                                                        2014
       Scattering Matrices                                               November 
       Instructor:  
       Dr. Ahmad El-Banna 
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    Agenda                                            Bannl-
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                                                      mad 
          Introduction                                © Ah
                                                       4
                                                      201v 
            Microwave Network Analysis                o
            Scattering Matrix Representations         Lec#2 , N , 
                                                      601-
          Signal Flow Graphs                          ECE
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                                        Lec#2 , N, 
                                        601 -
                                        ECE
    INTRODUCTION                       3 
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      Introduction                                                                       Bannl-
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       • Circuits operating at low frequencies can be treated as an                      mad 
         interconnection of lumped passive or active components with                     © Ah
         unique voltages and currents defined at any point in the circuit.  
       • In this situation the circuit dimensions are small enough such that              4 
         there is negligible phase delay from one point in the circuit to                 201
         another.                                                                         ov 
       • In addition, the fields can be considered as TEM fields supported by 
         two or more conductors.  
       • This leads to a quasi-static type of solution to Maxwell’s equations              Lec#2 , N
         and to the well-known Kirchhoff voltage and current laws and                     ,
         impedance concepts of circuit theory .                                           601 
       •  In general, the network analyzing techniques cannot be directly                 -
         applied to microwave circuits, but the basic circuit and network                 ECE
         concepts can be extended to handle many microwave analysis and 
         design problems of practical interest.                                        4