Caribbean Regional Integration 
                                                                                            
                                            A Report by the UWI Institute of International Relations (IIR) 
                                                                                            
                             
                                                                                April 2011 
                                                                                            
                                                                         http://sta.uwi.edu/iir/ 
                             
                                                                         Matthew Louis Bishop 
                                                                               Norman Girvan 
                                                                             Timothy M. Shaw 
                                                                                Solange Mike 
                                                                          Raymond Mark Kirton 
                                                                               Michelle Scobie 
                                                                           Debbie Mohammed 
                                                                                Marlon Anatol 
                                                                                            
                                   With research assistance provided by Zahra Alleyne and Quinnelle-Marie Kangalee 
                             
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                  
                                                   
                                 This material has been funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development, 
                                    however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the department’s official policies. 
                             
            ACRONYMS 
            ACCP       Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians 
            ACS        Association of Caribbean States 
            ALBA       Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 
            BLP        Barbados Labour Party 
            BRICS      Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa 
            CAPE       Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations 
            CARDI      Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute 
            CARICAD    Caribbean Centre for Development Administration 
            CARICOM    The Caribbean Community 
            CARIFORUM  Caribbean Forum of African. Caribbean and Pacific States  
            CARIFTA    Caribbean Free Trade Association 
            CARIPASS   CARICOM Travel Pass 
            CASSOS     Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System 
            CBSI       Caribbean Basin Security Initiative  
            CCCC       Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre 
            CCJ        Caribbean Court of Justice 
            CDB        Caribbean Development Bank 
            CDEMA      Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 
            CEDA       Caribbean Export Development Agency 
            CEHI       Caribbean Environment Health Institute 
            CET        Common External Tariff 
            CFC        Caribbean Food Corporation 
            CFNI       Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute 
            CIDA       Canadian International Development Agency  
            CLDF       CARICOM Legislative Drafting Facility 
            CLE        Council of Legal Education 
            CMI        Caribbean Meteorological Institute 
            CMO        Caribbean Meteorological Organisation 
            COFAP      Council for Finance and Planning 
            COFCOR     Council for Foreign and Community Relations 
            COHSOD     Council for Human and Social Development  
            COTA       Caribbean Organisation of Tax Administrators 
            CREDP      Renewable Energy Development Programme 
            CRFM       Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism 
            CRITI      Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute 
            CRNM       CARICOM Regional Negotiating Machinery (now OTN) 
            CROSQ      Caribbean Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality 
            CSME       Caribbean Single Market and Economy  
            CSO        Civil Society Organisation 
            CTO        Caribbean Tourism Organisation 
            CTU        Caribbean Telecommunications Union 
            CXC        Caribbean Examinations Council 
            DFID       (UK) Department for International Development 
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          DOC      DFID Drivers of Change 
          DR        Dominican Republic 
          EC       Eastern Caribbean 
          ECCB     Eastern Caribbean Central Bank  
          EDF      European Development Fund 
          EPA      Economic Partnership Agreement 
          EU       European Union 
          FTA      Free Trade Agreement 
          HoG      Heads of Government 
          ICT4D    Information and Communication Technology for Development 
          ICTs     Information and Communication Technology 
          IDB      Inter-American Development Bank 
          IIR      The (UWI) Institute of International Relations 
          IMF      International Monetary Fund 
          IMPACS   Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (CARICOM) 
          JLP      Jamaica Labour Party 
          LDC      Less-Developed Country 
          MACC     Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change 
          NAFTA    North American Free Trade Agreement 
          NGO      Non-Governmental Organisation 
          OAS      Organisation of American States 
          OECS     Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 
          OTN      Office of Trade Negotiations of CARICOM 
          PANCAP   Pan- Caribbean Partnership against HIV/AIDS 
          RSS      Regional Security System 
          SALISES  Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies 
          SIDS     Small Island Developing States 
          TASU     Technical Action Services Unit 
          TEI      Trade and Economic Integration 
          UK       United Kingdom 
          UNASUR   Unión de Naciones Suramericanas/ Union of South American Nations 
          UNDP     United Nations Development Programme 
          UNICEF   United Nations Children’s Fund 
          USA      United States of America 
          USAID    United States Agency for International Development 
          UWI      University of the West Indies 
          WI       West Indies 
          WTO      World Trade Organisation 
           
           
           
           
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                             CONTENTS 
                                       EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                                                                                                 4 
                                       METHODOLOGY                                                                                                       9 
                                  1.  CONTEXT                                                                                                            11 
                                             a.  Overview of Regional Integration Processes                                                              11 
                                             b.  Current Trends – Challenges, Issues and Opportunities                                                   13 
                                             c.   Institutional Mapping: CARICOM Regional Integration Agenda                                             15 
                                             d.  CARICOM Institutional Mapping Under the Four Pillars                                                    16 
                                             e.  Participation of Non-State Actors                                                                       18 
                                             f.   Assessment of Institutions and Organisations in Regional Integration                                   19 
                                             g.  Other Regional Initiatives: Comparative Analysis of the European Union                                  24 
                                  2.  OPTIONS FOR CHANGE                                                                                                 26 
                                             a.  Stakeholder Analysis of Regional Integration                                                            26 
                                             b.  National-Regional Dynamics in the Integration Process                                                   29 
                                             c.   Key Issues and Actors                                                                                  30 
                                  3.  THE ROLE OF DONORS IN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL INTEGRATION                                                               36 
                                             a.  Review of Existing Donor Support                                                                        36 
                                             b.  Aligning Donor and Stakeholder Interests                                                                38 
                                  4.  RECOMMENDATIONS                                                                                                    39 
                                             a.  Overview of Main Recommendations                                                                        39 
                                             b.  Recommendations for the Political Leadership                                                            40 
                                             c.   Recommendations for Regional Institutions                                                              42 
                                             d.  Recommendations for Civil Society                                                                       44 
                                             e.  Recommendations for the Private Sector                                                                  45 
                                             f.   Recommendations for Development Partners                                                               46 
                                  5.  CONCLUSION                                                                                                         48 
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