Paper: Organization Behavior  
                         Module: 28 , Leadership Theories                                                       
                 
                 
                 
                 
                            Principal Investigator              Prof. S P Bansal 
                                                                Vice Chancellor 
                                                                Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi 
                                                                 
                            Co-Principal Investigator          Prof YoginderVerma 
                                                               Pro–Vice Chancellor 
                                                               Central University of Himachal Pradesh. Kangra. H.P. 
                                                               Prof.  A. K. Saihjpal 
                            Paper Coordinator                  School of Management,  
                                                               Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, H.P. 
                                                                
                                                                
                                                               Prof. Geeta Bansal 
                            Content Writer                     Department of Commerce and  Management Studies 
                                                               University school of open learning, panjab university , 
                                                               chandigarh 
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                                                                 
                 
                
               Items          Description of Module 
               Subject         Organization behavior  
               Name 
               Paper Name  Organization behavior  
               Module          Leadership Theories  
               Title           
               Module Id      Module no.-28 
               Pre-           Basic knowledge of  various Leadership Theories  
               Requisites      
               Objectives     To  understand  the  various  theories  underlying  leadership  from  the  trait  theories  ,  to 
                              behavioral  theories  to  contingency  and  some  recent  theories  and  emerging  issues  in 
                              leadership . 
               Keywords       Autocratic  style,  democratic  style,  laissez  faire,  leadership  grid,  transformational 
                              leadership, charismatic and authentic leadership,  
                
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                    QUADRANT-I 
                                               1.     Module 1:Theories of  leadership  
                                               2.     Learning Outcome 
                                               4.    Early Trait Theories  
                                               5.    Behavioral Theories  
                                                5.1   Lewin’s  Leadership Styles 
                                                5.2   Ohio State Studies  
                                                5.3   Michigan Studies  
                                                5.4   Leadership Grid : A Contemporary Extension  
                                                     
                                              
                                                6.        Contingency Theories  
                                               6.1     Fiedler’s Contingency Theory  
                                                6.2      Robert House’s Path Goal Theory  
                                                6.3      Vroom Yetton’s Normative Decision Theory 
                                              6.4      Hersey And Blanchard’s Situational Leadership  
                                               7.      Recent Leadership Theories  
                                               7.1     Leader Member Exchange Theory  
                                               7.2     Inspirational Leadership 
                                                       7.2.1   Transformational leadership 
                                                       7.2.2   Charismatic leadership 
                                                       7.2.3   Authentic leadership 
                                           
                                               8.  Summary 
                     
                   
                   
                  2. LEARNING OUTCOME 
                         After going through the lesson you should be able to : 
                   
                          Understand  the  research  and  the  theoretical  framework  underlying  the  various  theories  of 
                           leadership. 
                           Find out which theories of leadership are more valid in today’s context. 
                          Make a comparative analysis of the trait theories, behavioral theories contingency theories and 
                           some recent theories of leadership and their implications. 
                           
                    3. INTRODUCTION 
                  ''Leadership is defined as the act or process of influencing people as that they will strive willingly and 
                  enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals".  
                  The Importance of Leadership lies in Motivating, Creating confidence  and Building  up the morale  its 
                  people. Different authorities and researchers have viewed leadership differently. Some put emphasis on 
       personal  options,  while  others  view  leadership  as  situational.  The  research  conducted  by  behavioral 
       scientists to find out  as to what makes a leader effective have resulted in various  "theories of leadership" 
       which are discussed in the  following pages. 
           
        4. TRAIT THEORIES 
        
       Thomas Carlyle was a precursor of the trait theory which tried to find out what physical traits, personality 
       traits and personal abilities differentiates leaders from non leaders. 
       The Physical Traits are the genetic makeup of the person comprising his height weight complexion, age, 
       stamina etc. research does not prove that physical traits have anything to do with leadership. 
       The Personality Traits would be creativity, adaptability, dominance self confidence, integrity, emotional 
       intelligence etc. some evidence has shown that leaders are more adaptable self confident and emotionally 
       intelligent than non leaders. 
       The  Personal  Abilities  include  social  skills,  communication  skills,  intelligence  cooperativeness  etc. 
       again research has shown a positive relation between a person’s abilities and his leadership skills. 
        In spite of all the research, it has not been validated that trait theory is valid for measuring leadership 
       qualities. 
        
       5. BEHAVIOURAL THEORIES  
         5.1 Lewin’s  Leadership Styles 
         5.2 Ohio State Studies  
         5.3 Michigan Studies  
         5.4 Leadership Grid : A Contemporary Extension  
            
       The Behavioural Theories are Based on  the assumption that leaders can be made if specific behaviours 
       are identified and are taught…. 
       The inability of the trait approach to consistently define specific traits that would differentiate successful 
       and unsuccessful leaders led to the conclusion that emphasis on the behaviour of leaders (which could be 
       measured) rather than emphasis on traits (which could not be measured) were an appropriate new research 
       strategy. According to this theory, a particular behaviour of a leader provides greater satisfaction to the 
       followers and so they recognize him as a good leader. Moreover trait theories did not address how leaders 
       behaved. 
       The three theories which have laid down the foundation of many modern theories have been given by 
       Lewin, Lippit and white, the Ohio State studies and  of Michigan studies .  
        
         5.1 Lewin’s  Leadership Styles 
            
       Kurt lewin and his students outlined three basic leadership styles ;Autocratic , democratic and laissez faire 
       leadership styles. They said that every leader has a peculiar style which is not situation specific but is 
       leader specific.