R Remington
                                                             The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
                                                                                                                        22nd Edition
           EDITOR-IN-CHIEF                                                         CHAIRMAN OFTHE BOARD
          Loyd V. Allen, Jr, PhD, RPh                                              Lisa A. Lawson, PharmD
          Professor Emeritus                                                       Dean and Barbara H.                   Professor
                                                                                                              Korberly               in Women's
          University of Oklahoma School of Pharmacy;                               Leadership and Health
          Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Pharmaceutical                 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
          Compounding                                                              University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
          Edmond, OK, USA                                                          Philadelphia, PA, USA
           EDITORIAL BOARD
          AdeboyeAdejare, PhD                                                    Yvonne Perrie, PhD
          Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences                                   Head
                                                                                        of Pharmacy
          Philadelphia College of Pharmacy                                       Professor in Pharmaceutics/Drug
          University of the Sciences in Philadelphia                                                                    Delivery
                                                                                 Aston University
          Philadelphia, PA, USA                                                  Birmingham, UK
          Shane P. Desselie, RPh, PhD, FAPhA                                     Nicholas
                                                                                             G. Popovich, PhD, RPh
          Dean and Professor                                                     Professor
                                                                                             and Head
          College of Pharmacy
          California                                                             Department of Pharmacy Administration
                      Northstate University                                      College of Pharmacy
          Rancho Cordova, CA, USA                                                            of
                                                                                 University     Illinois at Chicago
          Linda A. Felton, PhD                                                   Chicago, IL, USA
          Chair, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences                           Kenneth M.
         Associate                                                                              Shermock, PharmD, PhD
                      Professor of Pharmaceutics                                 Director, Center for
          College of                                                                                    Pharmaceutical Outcomes
                      Pharmacy                                                   and Policy
          University of New Mexico                                               Department of Pharmacy
         Albuquerque, NM, USA                                                   The Johns Hopkins Hospital
         Anthony C. Moffat, PhD                                                  Baltimore, MD, USA
         Emeritus Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis                           Donna S. Wall,
                        of                                                                         PharmD, RPh, FASHP, BCPS
         Department        Pharmaceutical and Biological                        Clinical Pharmacist
         Chemistry                                                              Indiana University Hospital
         UCLSchool of Pharmacy                                                  Indiana
                                                                                          University Health
         London, UK                                                             Indianapolis, IN, USA
                                                                           University of the Sciences
                                                               0wi$ Philadelphia
                                                                           College of
                                                                           Pharmacy
                                                                                                    London • Philadelphia  Pharmaceutical Press
          Contents
           Contributors vi                                                      Section 3          PHARMACEUTICALANALYSIS AND
           Preface to the 22nd Edition xvn                                                         QUALITY CONTROL
           Preface to the First Edition xvin
                                                                                          13       Analysis of Medicinals                  257
                                                                                                   Raymond D Skwierczynski
           VOLUME 1
           PART 1                                                                         14       Biological Testing                      277
           THE SCIENCE OF PHARMACY                                                                 Gail Goodman-Snitkoff
                                                                                          15       Clinical Analysis                       291
           Section 1          INTRODUCTION                                                         Cathy Y Poon
                     1        Scope of Pharmacy                          5                16       Quality Assurance and Control           327
                              Philip J SchneiderandJoseph L Fink III                              John H Parkerand John E Enders
                              Evolution of Pharmacy                     11                17       Stability of Pharmaceutical Products    335
                              Gregory J Higby                                                     Allan D Bokser and
                                                                                                   Patrick B O'Donnell
                              The New Drug Approval Process and
                              Clinical Ttial Design                     25                18       Bioavailability and Bioequivalency
                              Linda A Felton and Dennis W Raisch                                   Testing                                 349
                                                                                                   Steven B Johnson
                              Information Resources in Pharmacy
                              and the Phaimaceutical Sciences           37                19       Chromatographic Methods of Analysis 361
                              Robin H Bognerand Sharon Giovenale                                   Mandip Singh Sachdeva and
                                                                                                   Chandraiah Godugu
           Section 2          PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
                                                                                          20       Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis       399
                     5        Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry        47                         Anthony C Moffat
                              Pardeep K Gupta
                                                                                          21       Mass Spectrometric Methods of
                              Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry          71                         Analysis                                417
                              Jason Wallach Boyenoh Gaye                                           David G Watson
                              and Adeboye Adejare
                                                                                          22       Dissolution                             433
                              Natural Products                         103                         Vijai Kumar and Piaveen Hiremath
                              Ara H DerMarderosian and
                              Vidhan Jaiswal                                    Section 4          PHARMACEUTICS
                              Structure-Activity Relationships and                        23       Modern-Day Drug Discovery and
                              Drug Design                              141                         Development                             453
                              RandyJ Zauharand Eleonoia Gianti                                     Rick G Schnatz
                              Pharmaceutical Profiling                 157                24       Metrology and Pharmaceutical
                              Bi Botti C Youan                                                     Calculations                            465
                                                                                                   RogerL Schnaaie and
                      10      Prodrugs                                 175                         Shelly J Stockton
                              Zeynep Ates Atagoa and
                              Adeboye Adejare                                             25       Statistics                              497
                                                                                                   Sanford Bolton and Richard Hirsch
                      11      Fundamentals of Medical Radionuclides 195
                              Jeffrey P Norenberg and                                     26       Molecular Structure, Properties, and
                              William B Hladik III                                                 States of Matter                        541
                                                                                                   Thomas Rades, Keith C Gordon and
                      12      Drug Nomenclature—United States                                      Kirsten Graeser
                              Adopted Names                            211
                              Kevin G Moores, Vicki R Kee and                             27       Thermodynamics                          571
                              Nicola R Sarrazin                                                    TimothyS Wiedmann
                                                                                                                                               XIX
                        28         Solutions and Phase Equilibria                   583                     44         Medicated Topicals                               ao i
                                   Pardeep K. Gupta                                                                   Lawrence H. Block
                        29         Separation Methods                               605                     45         Oral Solid Dosage Forms                          947
                                   Loyd V. Allen Jr.                                                                  AhmedAdel Sakrand Fars K. Alanazi
                        30         Ionic Solutions and Electrolytic                                         46         Coating of Pharmaceutical Dosage
                                   Equilibria                                       621                                Forms                                            977
                                   Barbara R. Conway                                                                  Stuart C. Porter
                                                                                                            47         Oral Modified-Release Drug Delivery
                        31         Tonicity, Osmoticity, Osmolality,
                                                                                                                      Systems                                           989
                                   Osmolarity                                       641
                                                                                                                      Ali R. Rajabi-Siahboomi, Manish
                                   Andrew Ingham and Cathy Y. Poon
                                                                                                                      S. Rane, and Linda A. Feiton
                        32         Chemical Kinetics                                665                     48        Aerosols                                          999
                                   RodneyJ. Wigent                                                                    John J. Scmrra and ChristopherJ. Sciaira
                        33         Complex Formation                                681                     49         Biotechnology and Drugs                         1017
                                   Thorsteinn Loftsson and                                                            Ara H. DerMarderosian and Zhiyu Li
                                   Marcus E. Brewster
                                                                                                            50         Pharmaceutical Packaging                        1033
                        34         interfacial Phenomena                            693                                C. Jeanne Taborsky and Kathleen Doiss
                                   Paul M. Bummer and Yvonne Perrie
                                                                                                            51         Pharmaceutical Excipionta                       1049
                        35         Colloidal Dispersions                            707                                William J. Reiiiy Jr.
                                   Bill J. Bowman, Clyde M. Ofner III,
                                   Hans Schott, and Yvonne Perrie                               Section 6              PHARMACOKINETICS AND
                                                                                                                       PHARMACODYNAMICS
                        36         Coarse Dispersions                               735
                                   James Swarbrick, Joseph T. Rubino,                                       52         Basic Pharmacokinetics and
                                   and Orapin P. Rubino                                                                Pharmacodynamics                                1073
                                                                                                                      Raymond E. Gahnsky and
                        37         Rheology                                         757                                Craig K. Svensi.on
                                   Lawrence H. Block
                                                                                                            53         Drug Action and Effect                          109b
                         5                                                                                            Donald N. Franz
                                   PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE
                                   FORMS: MANUFACTURING AND
                                                                                                            54         Drug Absorption, Distribution,
                                   COMPOUNDING                                                                         Metabolism, and Excretion                       1107
                                                                                                                      Michael R. Franklin
                        38         Powders                                          777
                                   Yi-Bo Wang and Robert O. Williams III                                    55        Clinical Pharmacokinetics and
                                                                                                                       Pharmacodynamics                                1123
                        39         Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions,                                                 Paul M Bennyei and Michaul h Winter
                                   and Extracts                                     801
                                   Michael M. Crowley                                                       56         Principles of Immunology                        1139
                                                                                                                      Susie H. Park am/ Stan CI I ouitt
                        40         Sterilization Processes and Sterility
                                   Assurance                                        835                     57         Pharmacogenomics                                11 b1
                                   James Agailoco, William G.                                                          Thomas C. Kupiec and Craig Shimasaki
                                   Lindboe Jr., and Russell E. Madsen
                                                                                                            58         Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
                        41         Parenteral Preparations                          861                                in Drug Development                             1181
                                   Michael J. Akers                                                                   George L. Drusano
                                   Pharmaceutical Compounding - USP                             Monographs             PHARMACEUTICALAND MEDICINAL
                                   <797> Sterile Preparations                       899                               AGENTS
                                   Catherine Cone, Linda A. Feiton,
                                   andAmyBachyrycz                                                                     Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Agents 1191
                                   Ophthalmic Preparations                          907                                Pharmaceutical Excipients                       1837
                                   MasoodChowhan,
                                   John C. Lang, and Paul Missel                                                      Index                                                ii
                        2                                                             75      The Entrepreneurial and
            VOLUME
                                                                                               Intrapreneurial Pharmacist           2101
            PART2                                                                             RonaldHadsall, Randall Seifert, and
            THE PRACTICE OF PHARMAt                                                           LowellJ. Anderson
            Section 7         FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACY                       Section 8        THE SCOPE OF PHARMACY
                              PRACTICE                                                         PRACTICE
                      59      Application of Ethical Principles to                     76     The Practice of Community Pharmacy 2109
                              Practice Dilemmas                    1857                       Jay D. Currie and Stevie R. Veach
                              E J Last and Amy Marie Haddad
                                                                                       77      The Practice of Health Systems
                      60      Technology and Automation            1867                        Pharmacy                             2115
                              Bill G Felkey, Bient I Fox, and                                  Pamela K. Phelps, Rowell Daniels,
                              Kenneth N Barker                                                 and Mark Thomas
                      61      Clinical Drug Literature             1877                78      Pharmacy Practice in Industry:
                              Mario A Abate                                                    Potential Roles for Pharmacists      2133
                                                                                               Paul L, Pluta, Richard Poska, and
                      62      The Patient Behavioral                                           Aldona T Matalonis
                              Determinants                         1893
                              Nathaniel M Rickles and                                  79      Pharmacists in Government            2143
                              Bonnie L Svaistad                                                ArthurJ Lawrence, William A
                                                                                               Hess, and Yiying Tsai
                      63      Patient Communication                1903
                              Peggy Piascik and Heidi M Anderson                       80      Pharmacists and Public Health        2157
                                                                                               Timothy J Ives and John M. Conry
                      64      Patient Adherence                    1917
                              AshIvy H Vincent                                         81      Consultant Pharmacy Practice         2173
                                                                                               Sean M Jeffery
                      65      Drug Education                       1929
                              Michael Montagno                                         82      Nuclear Pharmacy Practice            2183
                                                                                               James A Ponto andStanley
                      66      Professional Communications          1939                        M Shaw
                              AmyHeckSheehan, Robert
                              D Beckctt and Steven R Abel                              83      HomeInfusion Pharmacy Practice       2199
                                                                                               Anna Nowobilski-Vasihos
                      67      The Prescription                      1955
                              Stephanie L Enz and Angela                               84      Specialty Pharmacy                   2215
                              V Ocketman                                                       Hetty A. Lima
                      68      Ptovidmg a Framework for Ensuring                        85      Pharmacists in Academia              2229
                              Medication Use Safety                 1971                       Neal J Benedictand David F. Kisor
                              Matthew Gnssinget and Donna Horn
                                                                                       86      Nutrition in Pharmacy Practice       2235
                      69      Adverse Drug Reactions               2013                        Kathleen M Gura, GingerLangley,
                              Robert K Middleton                                               andAnne M Tucker
                      70       Drug Interactions                    2023               87      Nutrients and Associated
                               Chribtophei A Thomas                                            Substances                           2273
                                                                                               Joseph Boullata
                      71       Poison Control                       2039
                               F Lee Cantrell and Sean Patrick Nordt                   88      Veterinary Pharmacy                  2301
                                                                                               Gigi Davidson and Dinah G. Jordan
                      72       Medication Disposal                  2049
                               AmySutton Peak andAnnette                               89      Extemporaneous Prescription
                               McFatland                                                       Compounding                          2311
                                                                                               Loyd V. Allen Jr
                      73       Surgical Supplies                    2055
                               Thomas A. Barbolt and Sylvia H Liu                      90      Pesticides                           2329
                                                                                               MarkG. Robson, Ara H.
                       74      Health Accessories                   2067                       DerMarderosian, andMarie
                               Gerald W. Deom, Matthew C.                                      Christine Poulsen
                               Osterhaus, and Steven T. Simenson