Lesson -13 
                                                                          Liquid Orals  
                                                               (Syrups and Elixirs) 
                                                                          -Dr Mona Semalty 
                                                  Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 
                                        H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University)  
                                                                  Srinagar Garhwal-246174 
                                                                                                
         Learning Outcome 
                Different types of liquid orals  
                Solutions and its types  
                Solubility/ methods of enhancement and stability of solutions  
                Syrups, components of syrups, methods of preparation and packaging 
                Elixirs, components of elixirs/ methods of preparation and packaging 
          
         Lesson Plan 
                Introduction to liquid orals/ Classification of liquid orals /definitions  
                Solutions /merits demerits/ Different types / 
                Solubility (methods to enhance) 
                Methods of preparation of solution/stability of solutions 
                Syrups, components of syrups, method of preparations of syrups 
                Elixir, components of elixir, method of preparation of elixirs 
                Packaging and storage 
          
          
          
          
                                                                    Module 13 Liquid Orals I 2 
                                                                                                
         Introduction to liquid orals  
         Liquid orals are the pharmaceutical dosage form in liquid form to be 
         administered orally either in the form of solution, suspension, emulsions, 
         elixir and many more. 
          
                                                                
          
         Classification of Liquid Orals 
                Monophasic liquids 
                   Solution Elixir 
                   Syrup 
                   Liquid drops etc. 
                Biphasic liquids 
               Suspensions 
               Emulsions 
          
         Introduction 
         Syrup 
         MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal 
         University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India 
                                                                    Module 13 Liquid Orals I 3 
                                                                                                
         “In medical terminology, medicinal syrups are nearly saturated solutions of 
         85% of sugar in water in which medicinal substances or drugs are dissolved”. 
         Elixirs  
         “Elixir  are  clear,  flavored  Oral  Liquids  containing  one  or  more  active 
         ingredients dissolved in a vehicle that usually contains a high proportion of 
         sucrose or a suitable polyhydric alcohol or alcohols  and  may also contain 
         Ethanol (95 per cent) or a dilute Ethanol”. 
         Suspensions 
         “Suspensions  are  Liquids  containing  one  or  more  active  ingredients 
         suspended in a suitable vehicle. Suspended solids may slowly separate on 
         keeping but are easily redispersed”. 
         Emulsions  
         “Emulsions are Liquids containing one or more active ingredients and are 
         stabilized  oil-in-water  or  water-in-oil  dispersions,  either  or  both  phases  of 
         which may contain dissolved solids”. 
         Classification of solutions based on for the purpose it is to be used 
                Oral                                              
                   Syrups  
                   Elixirs  
                   Spirits  
                   Linctuses   
                   Drops     
                In mouth & throat  
         MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal 
         University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India 
                                                                    Module 13 Liquid Orals I 4 
                                                                                                
                   Mouth washes 
                   Gargles  
                   Throat paint 
                   Throat sprays    
                On Body Surfaces  
                   Collodions  
                   Lotions  
                   Liniments  
                In Body Cavities 
                   Douches  
                   Enemas  
                   Ear drops,  
                   Nasal sprays 
         Solutions 
         In pharmaceutical terms, solutions are “liquid preparations that contain one or 
         more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of 
         mutually miscible solvents”. It may be classified as oral, ophthalmic, or 
         topical and parenterals. 
         Advantages 
             •   Easier to swallow 
             •   Onset of action is quick 
             •   Homogenous uniform dose 
             •   Any route of administration   
         MOOC: Industrial Pharmacy-I by Dr Ajay Semalty (Course Coordinator), HNB Garhwal 
         University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, India