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Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department
January 2008
EEffffects of Corn ects of Corn PrProcessing and ocessing and WWet Distillers et Distillers GrGrains on Nutrient ains on Nutrient
Metabolism Metabolism
Mark E. Corrigan
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Galen E. Erickson
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, gerickson4@unl.edu
Terry J. Klopfenstein
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, tklopfenstein1@unl.edu
Nathan F. Meyer
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, nmeyer2@unl.edu
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Corrigan, Mark E.; Erickson, Galen E.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; and Meyer, Nathan F., "Effects of Corn
Processing and Wet Distillers Grains on Nutrient Metabolism" (2008). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 17.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/17
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Effects of Corn Processing and Wet Distillers Grains
on Nutrient Metabolism
Mark E. Corrigan attempt to elucidate the reasons for Table 1. Diets fed to steers in the digestibility
Galen E. Erickson the interaction observed in the finish- experiment evaluating wet distillers
grains plus solubles (WDGS) when fed
Terry J. Klopfenstein ing trial. a
with different corn processing methods
1 (% of diet DM).
Nathan F. Meyer
Procedure Ingredient 0% WDGS 40% WDGS
Summary Seven ruminally cannulated steers DRC, HMC, or SFC 82.5 47.5
WDGS 0.0 40.0
were used in a six-period cross-over Alfalfa hay 7.5 7.5
Seven ruminally cannulated steers study. A × 2 factorial treatment Molasses 5.0 0.0
were used in a metabolism experiment structure was used. The first factor Supplement 5.0 5.0
to determine the effects of distillers was corn processing method (DRC, aDRC = dry-rolled corn, HMC = high-moisture
grains level (0% or 40% of diet DM) on HMC, or SFC), and the second fac- corn, and SFC = steam-flaked corn.
diet digestibility and rumen metabolism tor was WDGS inclusion level (0% cannula. Data were collected using
in diets consisting of dry-rolled, high- or 40% of diet DM; Table 1). Steers a computer and software (Labtech,
moisture, or steam-flaked corn. Intakes were assigned randomly to one of Wilmington, Mass.) that collected
were greater while digestibility was two groups. Group 1 steers were as- readings every 6 seconds and averaged
reduced for DM and organic matter in signed to diets containing 0% WDGS those for each minute for the 5 days
steers fed 40% compared to 0% distillers during the first three periods and collection within each period.
grains. Average and maximum pH were diets containing 40% WDGS dur- Data were analyzed as a six- period
less for steers fed 40% distillers grains, ing the final three periods, while crossover design using the MIXED
but pH change and variance were also group 2 steers were assigned to diets procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc.).
less for 40% compared to 0% WDGS. containing 40% WDGS during the Period was included in the model as
Feeding WDGS does not increase rumen first three periods and diets contain- a fixed effect and the random effect
pH, but does decrease variance. Starch ing 0% WDGS during the final three was steer. No corn processing method
intakes were equal whether 0 or 40% periods A two-week transition period × WDGS inclusion level interactions
WDGS were fed because cattle fed 40% was included between periods three were observed (P > 0.20) for any vari-
WDGS had greater DMI, which may and four during which group 2 steers ables, so only the main effects of corn
influence rumen pH. were fed decreasing levels of WGDS as processing method and WDGS inclu-
follows: day 1 to 4: 0%, day 5 to 10: sion level are presented. As a result,
Introduction 20%, and day 11 to 14: 10% WDGS, main effects were analyzed and sta-
DM. During that transition, group 1 tistics presented with the interaction
In a previously reported study steers were switched immediately to term removed from the model.
(2007 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. - diets containing 40% WDGS and all
5), diets based on dry-rolled corn diets were based on an equal mixture Results
(DRC), high-moisture corn (HMC), of DRC, HMC, and SFC.
or steam-flaked corn (SFC) were fed. Period duration was 20 days Data for nutrient intake and
Corn was replaced with increasing and consisted of a 15-day adapta- digestibility are presented in Table
amounts of wet distillers grains with tion period followed by a 5 day fecal 2. No corn processing method ×
soluble (WDGS; 0%, 15%, 27.5%, sample and pH data collection period. WDGS inclusion level interactions for
or 40% of diet DM). No effect of Chromic oxide (7.5g/dose) was dosed nutrient intake or digestibility were
WDGS level on feed efficiency was intraruminally at 0800 and 2000 daily observed (P > 0.4), so main effects
observed in SFC based diets, and beginning on day 11 in each period. will be discussed. Corn process-
ADG was reduced when 27.5% or 40% Fecal samples were collected daily at ing method did not affect intake or
WDGS were fed. In DRC and HMC 0800, 1400, and 2000, composited by digestibility of DM or organic matter
based diets however, feed efficiency period, and analyzed for chromium (OM). Digestibility of neutral deter-
improved linearly with increasing content to determine nutrient digest- gent fiber (NDF) was similar between
WDGS level, and ADG increased. ibility. Steers were fed once daily at corn processing methods; however,
The current study was conducted to 070 and, if present, feed refusals were cattle fed HMC consumed slightly less
determine the effects of corn pro- also collected at this time. Continuous NDF (P < 0.05). Starch intake was not
cessing method and WDGS level ruminal pH measurements were taken impacted by corn processing method,
on nutrient digestion and ruminal using pH probes that were suspended but starch digestibility was greater
fermentation characteristics in an in the rumen fluid via the rumen (Continued on next page)
© The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. 2008 Nebraska Beef Report — Page 4
(P < 0.06) for SFC compared to both Table 2. Effect of corn processing method and wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) level on
DRC and HMC. Feeding WDGS nutrient intake and digestibility.
a b
increased intake of DM and OM but Corn processing method WDGS level P-value
decreased the digestibility percent- Item DRC HMC SFC 0% 40% Process WDGS Inter
age of both. While NDF digestibility DM
was not impacted by feeding WDGS, Intake, lb/day 20.8 19.5 20.7 18.4 22. 0.25 0.01 0.9
cattle fed 40% WDGS consumed Digestibility, % 78.7 78.8 81.4 81.8 77.5 0.1 0.08 0.96
more NDF (P < 0.01) because WDGS OM
contain more NDF than corn. Starch Intake, lb/day 20.1 19.0 19.9 18.0 21.4 0.4 0.02 0.94
Digestibility, % 80.7 80.9 8. 84.0 79. 0.2 0.05 0.94
is removed during the production of NDF
c d c
WDGS. Despite lower dietary starch Intake, lb/day .94 .5 .74 2.9 4.97 0.02 0.01 0.64
percentage in the 40% WDGS diets, Digestibility, % 49.4 47.2 50.9 47.8 50.5 0.80 0.72 0.7
Starch
feeding WDGS did not reduce total Intake, lb/day 12.0 11.2 11.7 11.6 11.7 0.65 0.90 0.77
c c d
starch intake (P = 0.90) and did not Digestibility, % 95.5 96.5 99.1 96.6 97.5 0.04 0.57 0.4
impact starch digestibility. aDRC = dry-rolled corn, HMC = high-moisture corn, and SFC = steam-flaked corn.
b
Rumen pH data are presented in P-value where Process = corn processing method; WDGS = wet distillers grains plus solubles level;
Inter = interaction between corn processing method and WDGS level.
Table . No corn processing method × c,dMeans with different superscripts differ (P < 0.06).
WDGS inclusion level interactions for
rumen pH data were observed Table 3. Effect of corn processing method and wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) level on
(P > 0.27), so only the main effects are rumen pH.
discussed. An effect of corn process- a b
ing method on maximum pH Corn processing method WDGS level P-value
(P = 0.04), the magnitude of pH Item DRC HMC SFC 0% 40% Process WDGS Inter
change (P = 0.05), and the variance Average pH 5.5 5.56 5.44 5.61 5.41 0.27 0.12 0.51
c d d
of the ruminal pH (P < 0.02) was Maximum pH 6.22 6.41 6.50 6.50 6.26 0.04 0.07 0.49
observed. Steers fed DRC had lower Minimum pH 5.00 5.06 4.9 5.01 4.98 0.6 0.80 0.82
c c d
maximum rumen pH values com- pH change 1.21 1.4 1.56 1.50 1.25 0.05 0.08 0.27
c c d
pared to steers fed HMC and SFC pH variance 0.070 0.109 0.161 0.140 0.087 0.02 0.09 0.56
(P < 0.10). Interestingly, average and Area under curve (magnitude of pH < 5.6 or 5. by minute)
c cd d
< 5.6 260 07 98 245 99 0.10 0.07 0.62
minimum rumen pH values were c cd d
< 5. 67 11 149 76 144 0.06 0.08 0.97
not different between the three corn aDRC = dry-rolled corn, HMC = high-moisture corn, and SFC = steam-flaked corn.
processing methods. This led to both b
P-value where Process = corn processing method; WDGS = wet distillers grains plus solubles level;
magnitude of pH change and variance Inter = interaction between corn processing method and WDGS level.
of pH being numerically lowest in c,dMeans with different superscripts differ (P < 0.10).
steers fed DRC. Although not signifi-
cant, steers fed HMC had a numeri- with HMC fed steers being intermedi- was 18.9 lb/day for 0% WDGS and
cally greater pH change and variance ate. Interestingly, feeding 40% WDGS 22.4 lb/day for 40% WDGS in SFC
than steers fed DRC. Steers fed SFC resulted in greater time spent below a diets. Despite no interaction between
experienced a pH change and variance rumen pH of 5.6 or 5. compared to corn processing method and WDGS
that was greater (P < 0.10) than steers cattle fed 0% WDGS. These data agree inclusion, starch digestibility was
fed DRC or HMC. Inclusion level of with previous research evaluating consistent between WDGS levels in
WDGS also affected rumen pH. Inter- rumen metabolism with and without HMC and SFC diets, with less than
estingly, steers fed 0% WDGS tended WDGS (2007 Nebraska Beef Report, 0. percentage unit change between
to have greater average pH (P < 0.12), pp. 9-42). 0 and 40% WDGS within each corn
maximum pH (P = 0.07), pH change The lack of an interaction between processing method. However, steers
(P = 0.08), and pH variance (P = 0.09) corn processing method and WDGS fed 0% WDGS with DRC had a
compared to steers fed 40% WDGS. inclusion level in this trial does not starch digestibility of 9.9% which
As was the case with corn processing explain the interaction observed in was numerically lower than the 40%
method, minimum pH was not dif- previous finishing trials. However, WDGS with DRC treatment (97.0%).
ferent between 0% and 40% WDGS. DMI was markedly reduced when
Area under the curve for pH of 5.6 WDGS were fed at 40% of the diet
1
and 5. followed similar trends as in SFC-based diets in the previous Mark E. Corrigan, graduate student; Galen
maximum pH. Steers fed SFC had a finishing study. A similar intake E. Erickson, associate professor; Terry J. Klopfen-
rumen pH below 5.6 and 5. for more response was not observed in this stein, professor; Nathan F. Meyer, research tech-
nician; Department of Animal Science, Lincoln.
minutes compared to steers fed DRC, metabolism experiment as DMI
Page 44 — 2008 Nebraska Beef Report © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved.
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