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...Developing top-notch Caregivers, one inservice at a time A Nutrition Module for Caregivers: Nutrition for the Elderly Developing Top-Notch Caregivers, One Inservice at a Time Inside This A Nutrition Module: Inservice: Nutrition for the Elderly Age-Related Changes that 2 EATING BETTER TO LIVE LONGER, Impact Nutrition The Modified Food Pyramid 3 STRONGER, AND SMARTER! for Older Adults Studies show that many older Americans do not get important nutrients Focus on Calories 4 needed to maintain a healthy body. Focus on Whole Grains 5 Poor nutrition may occur in as many as 50 out of every 100 elderly people. Focus on Fruits and Veggies 6 The symptoms of poor nutrition include weight loss, confusion, dizziness, and lethargy. Focus on Protein & Dairy 7 It is estimated that 16 percent of seniors consume fewer than 1000 calories a Focus on Special 8 day—which is not enough to maintain adequate nutrition. Nutrient Needs One consequence of poor nutrition is unintentional weight loss. If a client Good Food on a 9 consumes too few calories to maintain normal body function, the result will be Tight Budget weight loss. If the client is not actively trying to lose weight, it is said to be unintentional weight loss. Final Tips! 10 Unintentional weight loss can lead to muscle wasting, inability to fight off common illness, depression, and a higher rate of disease complications. ow, Inc. © 2018 In the Kn www.knowingmore.com Eating well, and eating the proper amounts, can make your clients smarter and Expires 12/31/2020 sharper minded. It can give them more energy, keep them from getting sick, IMPORTANT: and help them recover more quickly from This topic may be copied for use illness. And, it will help them get control of within each physical location that chronic conditions like diabetes, heart purchases this inservice from In the Know. All other copying or disease, and obesity! distribution is strictly prohibited, including sharing between multiple Keep reading to learn all about the locations and/or uploading the file or any portion thereof to the internet or most important parts of a to an LMS (unless a license to do so is healthy diet for older adults. obtained from In the Know). Start helping your clients In accordance with industry standards, this inservice material get the calories and expires on December 31, 2020. nutrients needed to After that date, you may purchase a live longer, stronger, current copy of the materials by calling 877-809-5515. and smarter! © 2018 In the Know, Inc. Expires 12/31/2020 Page 2 AGE-RELATED CHANGES THAT IMPACT NUTRITION As people age, multiple changes occur that can impact the nutritional status of an individual. MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES Muscle Loss: The loss of lean muscle mass can lead to a loss of strength, functional decline, and poor endurance. This loss also leads to reduced total body water content. Decreased Bone Density: Another common loss related to aging is changes in bone density, which can increase the risk for osteoporosis. NUTRITIONAL STATUS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY Changes in the Mouth: A decrease in saliva production and problems The USDA lists "poor with teeth can make chewing and swallowing difficult and may lead to nutritional status" as a changes in food choices. primary concern for Changes in the Stomach: There is a decrease in gastric acid secretion the elderly. that can limit the absorption of iron and vitamin B . 12 Chronic diseases and Changes in the Brain: Messages from the brain that tell the body it is poverty are the two hungry or thirsty may be slow, confused, or absent, leading to a feeling of main causes of poor fullness and a lack of feeling of thirst. nutrition in the Constipation: Slower digestion and decreased fluid intake can lead elderly. to constipation. Studies show that SENSORY CHANGES many older Americans Changes in Vision: Vision loss makes shopping, preparing food, and do not get important even eating more difficult. nutrients needed to maintain a Changes in Taste: Loss of taste and smell take away the appeal of healthy body. many foods and may lead to preparing or consuming food that is no longer safe. Low-income elderly at the gr are eatest LIFESTYLE AND ILLNESS risk of getting too few Sedentary lifestyle, social isolation, loneliness, or depression can lead to calories and not changes in eating habits. enough calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Medications can change how food tastes and how it is absorbed. Illnesses like Alzheimer's disease and dementia are other issues that may In addition, isolation, affect eating habits and food choices. depression, attitudes, and lifestyles can all affect nutritional Grab your favorite highlighter! As you read this status by altering inservice, highlight five things you learn that you appetite, eating didnt know before. Share this new patterns, and information with your co-workers! energy level. © 2018 In the Know, Inc. Expires 12/31/2020 Page 3 THE MODIFIED FOOD PYRAMID FOR OLDER ADULTS Supplements: B , Vitamin D, and Calcium 12 Whole Grains Low Saturated Fat Oils A Variety of Vegetables Low Fat/Nonfat Dairy Fruits in Every Color Lean Meats and Beans 6-8 glasses of Water Regular Exercise The Modified Pyramid for older adults addresses the specific needs of the body as it ages. Specifically, nutrient dense, low fat, and high fiber foods are recommended. WHOLE GRAINS: Look for whole, enriched, FATS AND OILS: Use liquid vegetable oils and and fortified grains and cereals such as brown soft spreads low in saturated and trans fat. rice and 100% whole wheat bread. FLUIDS: Aim for six to eight 8-ounce glasses VEGETABLES: Serve brightly colored per day. Or, take half your client's weight (in vegetables such as carrots and broccoli. pounds) and aim for that many ounces per day. For example, if your client weighs 110 pounds, FRUIT: Offer deep-colored fruits such as berries half that is 55. So, shoot for a minimum of 55 and melon. ounces of fluids a day (which is roughly seven DAIRY: Low and non-fat dairy products such as 8-ounce glasses). yogurt and low-lactose milk are best. EXERCISE: Encourage any low impact PROTEIN: Prepare dry beans and nuts, fish, physical activity the client can comfortably do poultry, lean meat, and eggs. (with the doctor's or physical therapist's permission).
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