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...Developing top-notch Caregivers, one inservice at a time
A Nutrition Module for Caregivers:
Nutrition for the Elderly
Developing Top-Notch Caregivers, One Inservice at a Time
Inside This A Nutrition Module:
Inservice: Nutrition for the Elderly
Age-Related Changes that 2 EATING BETTER TO LIVE LONGER,
Impact Nutrition
The Modified Food Pyramid 3 STRONGER, AND SMARTER!
for Older Adults
Studies show that many older Americans do not get important nutrients
Focus on Calories 4 needed to maintain a healthy body.
Focus on Whole Grains 5 Poor nutrition may occur in as many as 50 out of every 100 elderly people.
Focus on Fruits and Veggies 6 The symptoms of poor nutrition include weight loss, confusion, dizziness,
and lethargy.
Focus on Protein & Dairy 7
It is estimated that 16 percent of seniors consume fewer than 1000 calories a
Focus on Special 8 day—which is not enough to maintain adequate nutrition.
Nutrient Needs
One consequence of poor nutrition is unintentional weight loss. If a client
Good Food on a 9 consumes too few calories to maintain normal body function, the result will be
Tight Budget weight loss. If the client is not actively trying to lose weight, it is said to be
unintentional weight loss.
Final Tips! 10
Unintentional weight loss can lead to muscle wasting, inability to fight off
common illness, depression, and a higher rate of disease complications.
ow, Inc.
© 2018 In the Kn
www.knowingmore.com Eating well, and eating the proper amounts, can make your clients smarter and
Expires 12/31/2020 sharper minded. It can give them more energy, keep them from getting sick,
IMPORTANT: and help them recover more quickly from
This topic may be copied for use illness. And, it will help them get control of
within each physical location that chronic conditions like diabetes, heart
purchases this inservice from In the
Know. All other copying or disease, and obesity!
distribution is strictly prohibited,
including sharing between multiple Keep reading to learn all about the
locations and/or uploading the file or
any portion thereof to the internet or most important parts of a
to an LMS (unless a license to do so is healthy diet for older adults.
obtained from In the Know).
Start helping your clients
In accordance with industry
standards, this inservice material get the calories and
expires on December 31, 2020. nutrients needed to
After that date, you may purchase a live longer, stronger,
current copy of the materials by calling
877-809-5515. and smarter!
© 2018 In the Know, Inc. Expires 12/31/2020 Page 2
AGE-RELATED CHANGES THAT
IMPACT NUTRITION
As people age, multiple changes occur that can impact the nutritional status
of an individual.
MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES
Muscle Loss: The loss of lean muscle mass can lead to a loss of
strength, functional decline, and poor endurance. This loss also leads to
reduced total body water content.
Decreased Bone Density: Another common loss related to aging is
changes in bone density, which can increase the risk for osteoporosis.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Changes in the Mouth: A decrease in saliva production and problems The USDA lists "poor
with teeth can make chewing and swallowing difficult and may lead to nutritional status" as a
changes in food choices. primary concern for
Changes in the Stomach: There is a decrease in gastric acid secretion the elderly.
that can limit the absorption of iron and vitamin B .
12 Chronic diseases and
Changes in the Brain: Messages from the brain that tell the body it is poverty are the two
hungry or thirsty may be slow, confused, or absent, leading to a feeling of main causes of poor
fullness and a lack of feeling of thirst. nutrition in the
Constipation: Slower digestion and decreased fluid intake can lead elderly.
to constipation. Studies show that
SENSORY CHANGES many older Americans
Changes in Vision: Vision loss makes shopping, preparing food, and do not get important
even eating more difficult. nutrients needed to
maintain a
Changes in Taste: Loss of taste and smell take away the appeal of healthy body.
many foods and may lead to preparing or consuming food that is no
longer safe. Low-income elderly
at the gr
are eatest
LIFESTYLE AND ILLNESS risk of getting too few
Sedentary lifestyle, social isolation, loneliness, or depression can lead to calories and not
changes in eating habits. enough calcium,
magnesium, and zinc.
Medications can change how food tastes and how it is absorbed.
Illnesses like Alzheimer's disease and dementia are other issues that may In addition, isolation,
affect eating habits and food choices. depression, attitudes,
and lifestyles can all
affect nutritional
Grab your favorite highlighter! As you read this status by altering
inservice, highlight five things you learn that you appetite, eating
didnt know before. Share this new patterns, and
information with your co-workers! energy level.
© 2018 In the Know, Inc. Expires 12/31/2020 Page 3
THE MODIFIED FOOD PYRAMID FOR OLDER ADULTS
Supplements: B , Vitamin D, and Calcium
12
Whole Grains Low Saturated Fat Oils
A Variety of Vegetables Low Fat/Nonfat Dairy
Fruits in Every Color Lean Meats and Beans
6-8 glasses of Water
Regular Exercise
The Modified Pyramid for older adults addresses the specific needs of the body as it ages.
Specifically, nutrient dense, low fat, and high fiber foods are recommended.
WHOLE GRAINS: Look for whole, enriched, FATS AND OILS: Use liquid vegetable oils and
and fortified grains and cereals such as brown soft spreads low in saturated and trans fat.
rice and 100% whole wheat bread.
FLUIDS: Aim for six to eight 8-ounce glasses
VEGETABLES: Serve brightly colored per day. Or, take half your client's weight (in
vegetables such as carrots and broccoli. pounds) and aim for that many ounces per day.
For example, if your client weighs 110 pounds,
FRUIT: Offer deep-colored fruits such as berries half that is 55. So, shoot for a minimum of 55
and melon. ounces of fluids a day (which is roughly seven
DAIRY: Low and non-fat dairy products such as 8-ounce glasses).
yogurt and low-lactose milk are best. EXERCISE: Encourage any low impact
PROTEIN: Prepare dry beans and nuts, fish, physical activity the client can comfortably do
poultry, lean meat, and eggs. (with the doctor's or physical therapist's
permission).
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