Prog Health Sci 2015, Vol 5, No2 Nutrition peritoneal dialysis patients – a review  
                   Nutrition and  peritoneal dialysis patients – a review 
                    
                    
                                    1*                2                 3
                   Kourkouta L. ,  Monios A. , Frantzana E. , Iliadis Ch. 
                    
                    
                   1. Professor of Nursing Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 
                       Thessaloniki, Greece 
                   2. Biologist, Professor 7th High School of Athens, Athens, Greece 
                   3. Graduate Nurse from Nursing Alexander Technological Educational Institute of 
                       Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece  
                    
                    
                    
                   ABSTRACT 
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                   Introduction: The Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a                 significant contribution to the field. The exclusion 
                   preferable treatment option of the renal replacement            criteria for the articles were the languages except 
                   in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) end                from English and Greek. 
                   stage.                                                          Results: Patient’s diet must contain 1.3 g of protein 
                   Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review of             per kilogram of body weight per day. Consumption 
                   articles published related to the contribution of               of foods rich in carbohydrates should be limited. 
                   nutrition to health promotion of patients undergoing            Patients should consume foods with the adequate 
                   haemodialysis.                                                  quantity of phosphorus and potassium. Finally, they 
                   Materials and methods: A review of the Greek and                should have their sodium levels and fluid intake 
                   international literature on the subject was  Performed          checked because sodium causes severe thirst that can 
                   through the electronic databases Medline, Google                lead to excessive fluid intake. As a result, the patient 
                   Scholar, Scopus and the Association of Greek                    experiences swelling, shortness of breath and high 
                   Academic Libraries Link (Heal-Link), using as key               blood pressure. 
                   words the following terms:  haemodialysis, renal                Conclusion: Patients who undergo peritoneal 
                   failure, peritoneal dialysis, nutrition.  Most of the           dialysis must be checked regularly and pay special 
                   articles used in this literature review were recently           attention to their diets. 
                   published. Only few old -  dated articles were                  Key words: haemodialysis,  renal failure, diet, 
                   included in the study and the reason was their                  peritoneal dialysis, nutrition 
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                   *Corresponding author:  
                   Kourkouta Lambrini  
                   ATEI of Thessaloniki, Greece 
                   e-mail: laku1964@yahoo.gr 
                    
                    
                   Received: 21.11.2015 
                   Accepted:14.12.2015 
                   Progress in Health Sciences  
                   Vol. 5(2) 2015 pp 205-210 
                   © Medical University of Białystok, Poland 
                                                                                                                                     205 
                    
                   Prog Health Sci 2015, Vol 5, No2 Nutrition peritoneal dialysis patients – a review  
                   INTRODUCTION                                                   used in this literature review were recently 
                                                                                  published. Only few old -  dated articles were 
                            Chronic kidney failure is a disease which is          included in the study and the reason was their 
                   increasingly recognized as a public health problem.            significant contribution to the field. The exclusion 
                   It is usually characterized by an asymptomatic                 criteria  for the articles were the languages except 
                   period which is potentially detectable [1]. Chronic            from English and Greek. 
                   kidney disease is common, and its prevalence                    
                   increases significantly with age, and particularly in          Chronic kidney disease 
                   women. However, the classification of disease is not                    Chronic renal failure is defined as the 
                   gradual according to age and gender, as well as with           damage of the kidneys.  Proteinouria, haematouria or 
                   the level of proteinouria [2].                                 anatomic abnormality and the glomerular filtration 
                            Furthermore, it is more common in the                 rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 is at least present in 
                   elderly than in young people due to atheromatosis of           cases for ≥ 3 months. The renal failure is irreversible 
                   renal vascular disease. Over 70% of patients’ cases            and only a small number of people can follow a 
                   suffering from chronic kidney disease are due to               conservative treatment. The disease is classified into 
                   diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis.           5 (five) stages that depend on the glomerular 
                   Patients who suffer from the disease have to                   filtration rate (GFR) and the presence of kidney 
                   maintain contact with a renal medicine specialist for          damage (Table 1) [2].   
                   their rehabilitation therapy of renal function in an                     
                   early stage for, it is manifested that the final stage of      Table 1. Stages of chronic kidney failure 
                   the disease is associated with increased mortality and          
                   morbidity [3].                                                                                    GFR 
                            It is evident that in Greece there is a greater         STAGE        DESCRIPTIO           
                   frequency of new patients for haemodialysis per                  S            N                   (ml/min/1.72m2
                   million  populations  compared to 24 European                                                     )  
                   countries in 2004.  It possessed the 3rd  position                1           Kidney damage   ≥ 90 
                   worldwide for the corresponding frequency in renal                            with normal or 
                   replacement therapy after the USA and Japan. The                              increased GFR 
                   classification of Greece in the 8th place regarding the           2           Kidney damage   60-89 
                   global comparison of the prevalence of renal                                  with mild 
                   replacement therapy, although more favorable, it                              decrease in GFR 
                   remains very high and indicates the size of the                   3           Moderate             30-59 
                   increased number of 13 patients in end-stage chronic                          decrease in GFR 
                   renal failure in our country [4].                                 4           Severe decrease   15-29 
                            Patients who suffer from kidney failure                              in GFR 
                   have great chances to be malnourished or develop                  5            Kidney failure      < 15 or dialysis 
                   malnutrition, which contributes to the patients’                  
                   morbidity and mortality. Due to this fact, the present                  All patients, regardless of their age, gender 
                   study attempts to show the contribution of nutrition           and proteinouria or albuminouria, when the GFR 60 
                   in the health promotion of patients undergoing                 ml/min