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Key Nutrients and Your Health The Nutrition Facts Label can help you learn about and monitor the nutrient content of many foods in your diet. The following pages include information about key nutrients: To Get More Of TIP Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet – your Daily Value To Get Less Of may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. To Monitor Check your calorie needs at http://www.choosemyplate.gov. Nutrients to Get More Of Dietary fiber, calcium, and iron are considered “nutrients of public health concern” because low intakes are associated with potential health risks. Dietary Fiber Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Diets higher in dietary fiber can reduce the risk of Food Sources: Amount Per Serving Serving Size 1 package (272g) developing cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber • Beans and peas Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Servings Per Container 1 interferes with the absorption of dietary fat and • Fruits Amount Per Serving Amount Per Serving % Daily Value* cholesterol, which can help lower low-density Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 • Oats (such as oat Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Total Fat 5g 8% lipoprotein (LDL or “bad”) cholesterol levels in % Daily Value* % Daily Value* bran and oatmeal) Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Total Fat 5g 8% the blood. Total Fat 5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Trans Fat 0g • Nuts and seeds Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 30mg 10% Trans Fat 0g Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate found in plant Cholesterol 30mg 10% • Vegetables Cholesterol 30mg 10% Sodium 430mg 18% Sodium 430mg 18% foods that cannot be readily digested. Sodium 430mg 18% • Wheat bran Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Dietary fiber slows the rate at which carbohydrates • Whole grain foods Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Sugars 23g Sugars 23g Sugars 23g and other nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Protein 14g (such as brown rice Protein 14g Protein 14g This can help control the level of blood glucose Vitamin A 80% and whole grain Vitamin A 80% Vitamin C 35% Vitamin A 80% (often referred to as blood sugar) by preventing rapid breads, cereals, Vitamin C 35% Calcium 6% Vitamin C 35% Calcium 6% rises in blood glucose following a meal. and pasta) Iron 15% Iron 15% Calcium 6% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Iron 15% Dietary fiber also helps prevent constipation and your calorie needs: Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs: Calories: 2,000 2,500 * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. provides a feeling of fullness, which may help you Calories: 2,000 2,500 Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g your calorie needs: eat less and stay satisfied longer. Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Calories: 2,000 2,500 Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Recommendation: Consume a variety of foods that are good sources of dietary fiber and consume at least half of total grains as whole grains and limit the intake of refined grains. The Daily Value for dietary fiber is 25 grams (g) per day. Try to get 100% DV of dietary fiber on most days. http://www.fda.gov/nutritioneducation 1 Key Nutrients and Your Health Calcium Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Diets lower in calcium can increase the Food Sources: Amount Per Serving Serving Size 1 package (272g) risk of developing osteoporosis (weak • Almond, rice, coconut, and hemp milks Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 and brittle bones) that can result in Servings Per Container 1 • Canned seafood with bones (such as Amount Per Serving % Daily Value* bone fractures. Amount Per Serving Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 salmon and sardines) Total Fat 5g 8% Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 % Daily Value* Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% • Dairy products % Daily Value* Calcium is a mineral and is important for Total Fat 5g 8% Trans Fat 0g Total Fat 5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% optimal bone health. It is also important • Fortified cereals, juice, and soy Cholesterol 30mg 10% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Trans Fat 0g for many body processes, such as blood Trans Fat 0g beverages (soymilk) Sodium 430mg 18% Cholesterol 30mg 10% Cholesterol 30mg 10% Sodium 430mg 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% clotting, hormone secretion, muscle • Green vegetables (such as spinach, Sodium 430mg 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% contraction, and nervous system Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% kale, broccoli, turnip greens) Sugars 23g Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Sugars 23g function. Protein 14g Sugars 23g • Tofu (made with calcium sulfate) Protein 14g Protein 14g Vitamin A 80% Vitamin A 80% Vitamin A 80% Vitamin C 35% Vitamin D’s Role Food Sources: Vitamin C 35% Vitamin C 35% Calcium 6% Calcium 6% Calcium 6% Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. • Eggs Iron 15% Iron 15% Iron 15% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Vitamin D is found in many foods and is also • Fish (such as herring, Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. your calorie needs: Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on produced by the body when your skin is your calorie needs: mackerel, salmon, trout, Calories: 2,000 2,500 your calorie needs: Calories: 2,000 2,500 Total Fat Less than 65g 80g exposed to sunlight. Calories: 2,000 2,500 and tuna) Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Vitamin D is also important for blood pressure • Fish liver oil Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg regulation, hormone production, and immune Dietary Fiber 25g 30g • Fortified foods (such as Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g and nervous system function. Dietary Fiber 25g 30g cereals, dairy products, The Daily Value for vitamin D is 400 margarine, orange juice, International Units (IU) per day. and soy beverages Vitamin D is not mandatory on the Nutrition [soymilk]) Facts Label. Recommendation: Consume a variety of foods that are good sources of calcium. The Daily Value for calcium is 1,000 milligrams (mg) per day. Try to get 100% DV of calcium on most days. Iron Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Diets lower in iron can increase the risk Food Sources: Amount Per Serving Serving Size 1 package (272g) of anemia, a deficiency of red blood cells • Beans and peas • Raisins Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 or of hemoglobin in the blood, which Servings Per Container 1 • Dark green • Seafood Amount Per Serving % Daily Value* results in fatigue and weakness. Amount Per Serving Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Total Fat 5g 8% vegetables • Whole grain, Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 % Daily Value* Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% • Meats enriched, and % Daily Value* Iron is a mineral and is important for red Total Fat 5g 8% Trans Fat 0g Total Fat 5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% blood cell formation. It is also important • Poultry fortified cereals Cholesterol 30mg 10% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Trans Fat 0g and breads Sodium 430mg 18% for many body processes, such as growth Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 30mg 10% • Prunes and Cholesterol 30mg 10% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Sodium 430mg 18% and development, immune function, prune juice Sodium 430mg 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% reproduction, and wound healing. Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Sugars 23g Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Sugars 23g Protein 14g Sugars 23g Protein 14g Vitamin C’s Role Food Sources: Protein 14g Vitamin A 80% Vitamin A 80% Vitamin C helps your body absorb iron. • Broccoli • Kiwifruit Vitamin A 80% Vitamin C 35% Vitamin C 35% Vitamin C 35% Calcium 6% • Brussels sprouts • Peppers Calcium 6% Calcium 6% The Daily Value for vitamin C is Iron 15% Iron 15% Iron 15% • Cantaloupe • Strawberries * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 60 milligrams (mg) per day. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. your calorie needs: • Citrus fruits and • Tomatoes and Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs: Calories: 2,000 2,500 your calorie needs: Vitamin C is required to be listed on juices (such as tomato juice Calories: 2,000 2,500 Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Calories: 2,000 2,500 Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g the Nutrition Facts Label. Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g oranges and Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg grapefruit) Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Recommendation: Consume a variety of foods that are good sources of iron, especially young children, pregnant women, and women capable of becoming pregnant. The Daily Value for iron is 18 milligrams (mg) per day. Try to get 100% DV of iron on most days. http://www.fda.gov/nutritioneducation 2 Key Nutrients and Your Health Nutrients to Get Less Of Healthy dietary choices can help you manage or reduce your risk of developing preventable chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Sodium Serving Size 1 package (272g) Diets higher in sodium can increase Food Sources Servings Per Container 1 Serving Size 1 package (272g) the risk of developing high blood • Breads and rolls Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 Amount Per Serving pressure and cardiovascular Servings Per Container 1 • Cheese (natural and processed) Amount Per Serving Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 disease. Amount Per Serving Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 • Cold cuts and cured meats (such as % Daily Value* Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 % Daily Value* deli and packaged ham and turkey) Total Fat 5g 8% % Daily Value* Sodium is a mineral and is one of the Total Fat 5g 8% Total Fat 5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% chemical elements found in salt. The • Mixed meat dishes (such as beef Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Trans Fat 0g Trans Fat 0g words “salt” and “sodium” are often Trans Fat 0g stew, chili, and meat loaf) Cholesterol 30mg 10% Cholesterol 30mg 10% Cholesterol 30mg 10% Sodium 430mg 18% used interchangeably, but they do not Sodium 430mg 18% • Mixed pasta dishes (such as Sodium 430mg 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% mean the same thing. Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% lasagna, pasta salad, and Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Sugars 23g spaghetti with meat sauce) Sugars 23g Ingredient List Protein 14g Sugars 23g Protein 14g • Pizza Protein 14g Vitamin A 80% Look for sources of sodium on the Vitamin A 80% Vitamin C 35% • Poultry (fresh and processed) Vitamin A 80% ingredient list on a food package. Vitamin C 35% Calcium 6% Calcium 6% Vitamin C 35% Iron 15% Some examples of ingredients that • Sandwiches (such as Iron 15% Calcium 6% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. contain sodium are: saline, sodium hamburgers, hot dogs, and Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Iron 15% your calorie needs: Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs: benzoate, sodium bicarbonate Calories: 2,000 2,500 submarine sandwiches) * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Calories: 2,000 2,500 Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on (baking soda), sodium chloride (salt), Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g • Savory snacks (such as chips, your calorie needs: Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg sodium nitrite, and monosodium Calories: 2,000 2,500 crackers, popcorn, and pretzels) Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g glutamate (MSG). Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g • Soups Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Potassium’s Role Food Sources Sodium and potassium both affect blood pressure, and eating • Bananas • Spinach foods higher in potassium can help lower blood pressure by • Beet greens • Sweet potatoes reducing the adverse effects of sodium on blood pressure. • Juices (such as • Tomatoes and Potassium is a nutrient of concern for most Americans. carrot, orange, tomato products pomegranate, • White beans The Daily Value for potassium is 3,500 milligrams (mg) and prune) • Yogurt (non-fat per day. • Potatoes and low-fat) Potassium is not mandatory on the Nutrition Facts Label. Recommendation: Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day (that’s equal to about 1 teaspoon of salt!) or 1,500 mg per day for adults with hypertension and prehypertension. The Daily Value for sodium is less than 2,400 milligrams (mg) per day. Try to get less than 100% DV of sodium each day. Understanding Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes a range of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) that can lead to heart attack, chest pain (angina), or stroke. CVD is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States, accounting for approximately 1 in 3 deaths each year. Hypertension (also known as high blood pressure) is a condition in which blood pressure remains elevated over time. Hypertension makes the heart work too hard, and the high force of the blood flow can harm arteries and organs, such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to CVD (including heart attack, heart failure, and stroke), kidney disease, and blindness. Approximately 56% of adults in the United States have either hypertension or prehypertension (blood pressure that is higher than normal, but not high enough to be defined as hypertension). Healthy dietary choices can help you manage or reduce your risk of developing preventable chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension. http://www.fda.gov/nutritioneducation 3 Key Nutrients and Your Health Mono/Poly Fats Mono/Poly Fats Mono/Poly Fats Saturated Fat Mono/Poly Fats Serving Size 1 package (272g) Diets higher in saturated fat can Food Sources: Serving Size 1 package (272g) Serving Size 1 package (272g) increase the risk of developing Servings Per Container 1 • Beef fat (tallow and suet) Servings Per Container 1 Serving Size 1 package (272g) Servings Per Container 1 cardiovascular disease. Saturated Servings Per Container 1 Serving Size 1 package (272g) Amount Per Serving • Chicken fat, and pork fat (lard) Amount Per Serving Amount Per Serving Servings Per Container 1 fat can raise the levels of total Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Amount Per Serving Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 • Cream and milk (whole and 2% milk) Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 Amount Per Serving cholesterol and low-density % Daily Value* % Daily Value* % Daily Value* Calories 300 Calories from Fat 45 • Dairy products (such as butter and % Daily Value* Total Fat 5g 8% lipoprotein (LDL or “bad”) cholesterol Total Fat 5g 8% Total Fat 5g 8% % Daily Value* Total Fat 5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% regular/full-fat cheese and cream cheese) Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% in the blood. Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Total Fat 5g 8% Trans Fat 0g Trans Fat 0g • Dairy desserts (such as ice cream, Trans Fat 0g Saturated Fat 1.5g 8% Polyunsaturated Fat 1.5g Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 30mg 10% Polyunsaturated Fat 1.5g Saturated fat is a type of fat found Trans Fat 0g Monounsaturated Fat 1g Polyunsaturated Fat 1.5g other frozen desserts, and puddings) Monounsaturated Fat 1g Polyunsaturated Fat 1.5g Sodium 430mg 18% Cholesterol 30mg 10% in higher proportions in animal Monounsaturated Fat 1g Cholesterol 30mg 10% Monounsaturated Fat 1g Sodium 430mg 18% • Grain-based desserts (such as brownies, Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Cholesterol 30mg 10% products and is usually solid at room Sodium 430mg 18% Cholesterol 30mg 10% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% cakes, cookies, doughnuts, pastries, pies, Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% Sodium 430mg 18% Sodium 430mg 18% Dietary Fiber 6g 24% temperature. The human body makes Sugars 23g Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% and sweet rolls) Sugars 23g Total Carbohydrate 55g 18% more saturated fat than it needs — Protein 14g Sugars 23g Dietary Fiber 6g 24% Protein 14g Dietary Fiber 6g 24% • Fast food Protein 14g Sugars 23g so it is not necessary to get saturated Vitamin A 80% Vitamin A 80% Sugars 23g Protein 14g Vitamin A 80% • Meats and poultry Vitamin C 35% fat from food. Vitamin C 35% Protein 14g Vitamin C 35% Vitamin A 80% Calcium 6% Calcium 6% • Nuts Calcium 6% Vitamin C 35% Iron 15% Vitamin A 80% Ingredient List Iron 15% Calcium 6% Iron 15% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Vitamin C 35% • Processed meats and poultry Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Iron 15% * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Look for sources of saturated fat on your calorie needs: Calcium 6% Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on products (such as bacon, hot dogs, * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. your calorie needs: Calories: 2,000 2,500 your calorie needs: the ingredient list on a food package. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Iron 15% Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Calories: 2,000 2,500 jerky, luncheon meats, and sausages your calorie needs: Calories: 2,000 2,500 Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Some examples of ingredients that Calories: 2,000 2,500 * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on Total Fat Less than 65g 80g • Tropical plant oils (such as coconut, Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg contain saturated fat are: beef fat your calorie needs: Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Dietary Fiber 25g 30g palm, and palm kernel oils) Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Calories: 2,000 2,500 Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg (tallow and suet), butter, chicken fat, Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Total Fat Less than 65g 80g • Savory snacks (such as chips, Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Saturated Fat Less than 20g 25g cream, pork fat (lard), shortening, Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg and tropical plant oils (such as crackers, and microwave popcorn) Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g coconut oil, palm oil, and palm • Sweets (such as chocolate candies), Dietary Fiber 25g 30g kernel oil). • Vegetable shortening and stick margarine Monounsaturated and Food Sources Polyunsaturated Fat’s Role • Avocados • Seeds (such as pumpkin, Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats • Fish (such as herring, sesame, and sunflower are found in higher proportions in plants mackerel, salmon, trout, seeds) and seafood and are usually liquid at room and tuna) • Soft margarine (liquid, temperature. When eaten in place of • Mayonnaise and oil-based spray, and tub) saturated fat, monounsaturated and salad dressings • Vegetable oils (such as polyunsaturated fats can reduce the risk • Nuts (such as almonds, canola, corn, olive, of developing cardiovascular disease. peanuts, and walnuts peanut, safflower oils, Monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated • Olives and soybean) fat are not mandatory on the Nutrition Facts Label. Recommendation: Consume less than 10% of calories per day from saturated fat by replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats while staying within recommended limits for calories and total dietary fat. The Daily Value for saturated fat is less than 20 grams (g) per day. Try to get less than 100% DV of saturated fat each day. http://www.fda.gov/nutritioneducation 4
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