NUTRITION AND
             DIETETICS
      HIGHER SECONDARY- FIRST YEAR
                Untouchability is a sin
                Untouchability is a crime
                Untouchability is inhuman
             TAMILNADU
              TEXT BOOK CORPORATION
             College Road, Chennai - 600 006.
              Government of Tamil Nadu
            ©
               First Edition – 2004
                                       CHAIRPERSON
                                 Dr. P. Parvathi Easwaran
                                   Former Dean of Home Science
                              Retd Prof. & Head, Dept of Food Service
                                     Management and Dietetics
                    Avinashilingam Deemed University,  Coimbatore 641043.
                                      REVIEWERS
            Mrs Girija Balasundaram          Dr. V.Anuradha
            S.G.Lecturer                                 Reader Dept of Food Service
            Dept of Home Science                                Management and Dietetics
            Queen Mary’s College                         Avinashilingam Deemed
            Chennai – 600 004                                      University.
                                                         Coimbatore 641043
                                      AUTHORS
            Dr. Sheila John                   Mrs. Sadhana Rajmohan Parimalam
            Lecturer S.S.                     Lecturer, Dept of Home Science
            Dept of Home Science                     Quaid-E-Millat Govt College  for
            Women’s Christian College            Women, Chennai-600 002
            Chennai - 600 006.
            Mrs. S. Karthiga                  Mrs. Anna Rangini Chellappa
            Lecturer, Dept of Home Science    Lecturer, Dept of Home Science
            Quaid-E-Millat Govt               Queen Mary’s College
            College for Women                 Chennai – 600 004
            Chennai-600 002
                                        Mrs. B. S. Vasanthi
                                   P.G. Assistant (Home Science)
                             Presidency Girls Higher Secondary School,
                                    Egmore, Chennai – 600 008
            Price: Rs.
                This book has been prepared by the Directorate of School
                    Education on behalf of Government of Tamilnadu.
              This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M paper
             Printed by offset at:
                   PREFACE
          This book is the outcome of the apt decision of the
      Directorate of School Education, Government of Tamilnadu to
      introduce Nutrition and Dietetics as an optional subject at Higher
      Secondary level.
          People are becoming nutrition conscious. Print and
      electronic media pour out nutrition messages to the public.  Super
      markets are flooded with foods of varied types, natural,
      processed, and ready to eat.  The common man turns towards
      nutrition scientists and dietitians for scientifically proved
      information on Nutrition and Dietetics.  Hence it is essential that
      Nutrition and Dietetics is offered at various levels of education.
          This textbook on Nutrition and Dietetics includes content
      on Food Science and Nutrition at plus one level, while at plus two
      level on Family Meal Management and Dietetics.  At plus one
      level the student learns the rudimentary aspects while at plus two
      level the application aspects are included.  The contents are so
      arranged that the student gains knowledge  with application and
      skill.
          The authors collected scientifically proved and updated
      information from various authentic sources.  The reviewers and
      chairman offered valuable suggestions on the write up.  It is
      hoped that the students will understand Nutrition and Dietetics in
      the right perspective using this book.
          Grateful acknowledgement is expressed to the Director
      and Joint Director, School Education, Government of Tamilnadu
      for this enriching opportunity.
           1.  FOOD GROUPS– A GUIDE IN MENU
                                 PLANNING
                 Food is the basic necessity of man.  It is a mixture of
         different nutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins
         and minerals.  These nutrients are essential for growth,
         development and maintenance of good health throughout life.
         They also play a vital role in meeting the special needs of
         pregnant and lactating women and patients recovering from
         illness.
         1.1 FUNCTIONS OF FOOD
                 Food may be classified according to their functions in
         the body.
                                Functions of Food
                        ___________________________________
                 Physiological         Social                  Psychological
                        functions                functions                           functions
                  ________________________________________
         Energy yielding        Body building foods       Protective foods
             Foods                         (Protein)     (Vitamins and
          (Carbohydrate,                                              minerals)
           protein, fat)        Fig1.1 Functions of food
                                         1