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IAS FOUNDATION Contents UNIT - I: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ......................01-246 1.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO .........02-10 y World Industries ...................................48 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY y Factors affecting the world ..................48 y Introduction .........................................02 industries location y Branches of Economic Geography .........02 1.6 INDIA: LAND RESOURCES .....64-89 y New Economic Geography ....................02 & AGRICULTURE y Basics of Economic Geography.............03 y Important Facts about Indian ...............64 y Primary Activities .................................03 Agriculture y Land Utilization ....................................65 y Secondary Activities ............................05 y Green Revolution ..................................66 y Tertiary and Quaternary Activities .........08 y Salient Features of Indian Agriculture....72 1.2 WORLD AGRICULTURE ...........11-20 y Types of Farming ................................73 y Introduction .........................................11 y Cropping Pattern ..................................73 y Classifi cation .......................................11 y Problems of Indian Agriculture .............84 1.3 TRANSPORT .......................21-34 y Miscellaneous .....................................85 & COMMUNICATION 1.7 MINERAL RESOURCES ......... 91-115 y Importance of Transport development ..21 y Introduction .........................................91 y Transport Patterns in the World ............21 y Ores ....................................................91 y Railways ..............................................22 y Origin of Mineral Deposits ....................91 y Oceanic Transport ................................27 y Extraction of Minerals ..........................92 y Inland Waterways .................................30 y Types of Minerals ................................93 y Air Transport .......................................32 y Mineralised Regions .............................94 y Pipeline Transport ................................33 y Metallic Minerals .................................95 y Mineral Resources: India ....................101 1.4 TRADE PATTERN ..................35-47 y Non-Metallic Minerals ........................109 y Introduction .........................................35 1.8 ENERGY RESOURCES .........116-145 y History of International Trade ..............35 y Introduction .......................................116 y Basis of International Trade .................35 y Types of Energy Resources .................116 y Gateways of International Trade ...........36 y Petroleum ..........................................118 y World Trade Pattern .............................37 y Natural Gas .......................................119 y Major Trading Blocks ...........................46 y Coal ..................................................120 1.5 INDUSTRIAL REGIONS ..........48-63 y Energy Resources: India .....................122 OF THE WORLD y Coal ..................................................122 www.iasscore.in GEOGRAPHY y Petroleum & Natural Gas ....................124 1.11 LIVESTOCK RESOURCES .....169-178 y Natural Gas .......................................132 y Livestock ...........................................169 y Electricity ..........................................137 y Cattle ................................................171 1.9 WATER RESOURCES ...........146-163 y Livestock Products ............................177 y Introduction .......................................146 1.12 MARINE RESOURCES .........179-203 y World Water Resources ......................146 y Maritime Zones ..................................179 y Extent of Water Resources .................149 y Resources: Extent, Distribution ..........180 y Water demand and use .......................149 and Utilisation y Water Availability ...............................150 y Types of Marine Resources ................180 y Uses of Fresh Water ...........................150 y Marine Deposits .................................181 y Problems related to fresh water ..........151 y Marine Energy Resources ...................183 y India’s Water Resources .....................151 y Fish Production in India ......................185 y Inter-state River Water Disputes ..........153 y Benthos Resources ............................188 in India y Chief routes of entry of marine ..........189 y National Water Policy (2012) ..............154 pollutants y Industrial Regions of India ................189 y Jal Shakti Abhiyan .............................154 y Metallurgical Industries .....................195 y Jal Jeevan Mission ............................155 y Engineering Industries ........................198 y Interstate River Water Disputes ..........155 1.13 TRADE & COMMERCE ..........204-209 (Amendment) Bill 2019 y Composite Water Management Index ..155 IN INDIA y The Dam Safety Bill, 2019 ...................155 y Trends in Foreign Trade of India ..........204 y Multipurpose River-Valley Projects .....156 y Foreign Trade .....................................204 in India y Composition of Export-Trade of India ..205 y Ganga-Cauvery River Link ...................161 y Composition of Import-Trade of India ..206 y National Water Grid ............................162 y Direction of India’s Foreign Trade ........208 1.10 FOREST RESOURCES ..........164-168 1.14 INDIA: TRANSPORT ...........210-246 y What is Forest? ..................................164 y Railways ............................................210 y Extent of Forest Cover ........................164 y Dedicated Freight Corridor Project .....214 y Types of Forestry Practices ................165 y Roadways ..........................................216 y Forest Resources in India ...................167 y Air Transport .....................................221 y India State of Forest Report (ISFR) ......168 y Water Transport .................................223 2019 y MISCELLANEOUS ...............................228 UNIT - II: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY .........................247-327 2.1 Human Geography of World ...238-255 y Density of Population .........................241 y Determinism & Possibilism .................238 y Factors Infl uencing the Distribution .....242 y Population .........................................239 of Population y Patterns of Population Distribution ....240 y Components of Population Change .....243 in the World y Population Growth .............................243 www.iasscore.in IAS FOUNDATION y Demographic Theories .......................245 y Languages of India ............................286 y Population Resource Balance .............248 y Socio-Economic Caste Census, 2011 ..287 y Population Composition .....................248 y Miscellaneous ...................................288 y Population Problems ..........................252 2.3 MIGRATION ......................291-299 y Major Tribes of the World ...................252 y Introduction .......................................291 y State of World Population 2020 ..........253 y Factors that infl uence migration .........291 2.2 INDIAN DEMOGRAPHY .......256-290 y Effects of Migration ...........................292 y Introduction .......................................256 y Migration occurs at a variety of scales 292 y Census 2011......................................256 y Types of Migration .............................293 y Population Size & Geographic ............257 y Forms of Migration ............................293 Distribution y Measuring Migration ..........................293 y Rate of Population Growth ..................258 y World Migration Report 2020 ..............294 y Demographic Dividend .......................259 y India’s Internal Migration ....................296 y Demographic Dividend in India ............260 y MISCELLANEOUS ...............................298 y Literacy .............................................262 2.4 HUMAN SETTLEMENT ........300-311 y Sex Ratio ...........................................262 y Introduction .......................................300 y Child Sex Ratio ..................................264 y Rural Settlements...............................302 y Rural – Urban Composition .................265 y Urban Settlements .............................304 y Composition of Working Population ....265 y MISCELLANEOUS ...............................310 y Fertility ..............................................266 2.5 HUMAN RESOURCE ...........312-316 y Life Expectancy .................................266 & DEVELOPMENT y State of World Population 2020 ..........267 y Introduction .......................................312 y Demographic Issues in India ...............268 y The Four Pillars of Human .................312 y Family Planning and Population .........276 Development Policy in India y Approaches to Human Development ...313 y Ethnic Groups in India ........................281 y Measurement of Human Development 313 y Tribes in India ....................................281 y Glossary of demographic terms ..........316 ********* www.iasscore.in
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