Teaching Methodology 
                    
                    
                    
                
                    
                    
        
        
        
        
       Abbas Ali Zarei, 
       Associate professor, 
       Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
        
        Teaching Methodology          
                     Preface 
         
           According  to  Richards  and  Rodgers  (1986),  the 
        proliferation  of  approaches  and  methods  is  a  prominent 
        characteristic of contemporary second and foreign language 
        teaching.  To  some,  this  reflects  the  strength  of  our 
        profession  because  teachers  can  have  a  wider  variety  of 
        methodological options to choose from. To others, however, 
        the  wide  variety  of  method  options  currently  available 
        confuses  rather  than  comforts.  This  is  partly  because 
        methods  appear  to  be  based  on  very  different  views  of 
        language and the way it is learnt. 
           The goal of this book is to provide an overview of 
        the  field  of  second/foreign  language  teaching,  with  a 
        particular focus on issues related to the teaching of English. 
        It  provides an overview of foreign language teaching and 
        learning  that  will,  hopefully,  enable  both  prospective  and 
        practicing teachers to have a clearer understanding of the 
        relationships  between  many  of  the  practical  planning  and 
        instructional  activities  and  their  underlying  theoretical 
        positions.  The  author  also  hopes  to  create  a  better 
        understanding  of  the  nature  of  language  teaching  and 
        learning and the roles learners, teachers, teaching methods, 
        and teaching materials play in successful language learning. 
           The  book  is  organized  into  13  chapters.  The  first 
        chapter  is  a  review  of  the  trends  of  development  of  the 
        theories  of  language  and  learning  and  the  resultant 
        approaches  to  language  teaching.  Chapter  2  reviews 
        language  and  its  characteristics.  Chapter  3  begins  with  a 
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        Teaching Methodology          
        description of human brain and some of its characteristics 
        and  then  presents  some  definitions  as  well  as  the 
        implications that the knowledge of the brain may have for 
        theories  of  learning  and,  subsequently,  teaching  methods. 
        Each  of  the  chapters  4  to  11  describes  one  of  the  well-
        known methods of language teaching. Chapter 12 discusses 
        factors other than the method of teaching that may affect 
        language  teaching  and  learning.  Finally,  chapter  13  is  a 
        theoretical review of first language acquisition. The reason 
        for it inclusion in this book is that many believe that a better 
        understanding of the theories of first language  acquisition 
        provides  a  clearer  picture  of    second  language  learning 
        theories and practices. 
           All of the methods and most of the other materials 
        included  in  this  book  can  be  found  in  other  sources  too. 
        They have been gleaned from here and there and organized 
        in  what the author believes is a more logical sequence, a 
        much simpler diction, and more pertinent to the needs of 
        Iranian teachers and teacher trainees. 
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
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               Teaching Methodology                                       
                                   Table of Contents 
               Topic (Chapter)                                    page 
               Part I. Introduction……………….....……………... 5 
                   Chapter 1: Introduction………………………….. 6 
                
               Part II. Language and Learning……………………. 27 
                   Chapter 2: What is language?................................ 28 
                   Chapter 3: What is learning?..................................58 
                
               Part III. Methods of Language Teaching…………... 70 
                   Chapter 4: Grammar Translation Method……….. 71 
                   Chapter 5: The Direct Method…………………... 78 
                   Chapter 6: The Audiolingual Method…………… 89 
                The Cognitive-code Approach…………….. ……... 101 
                   Chapter 7: The Silent Way ………………………103 
                   Chapter 8: Suggestopedia ………………………. 119 
                   Chapter 9: Community Language Learning…….. 132 
                   Chapter 10: Total Physical Response…………147 
                   Chapter 11: Communicative Language Teaching...165 
                
               Part IV. Beyond Methods …………………………. 180 
                   Chapter 12: Factors influencing second language  
                                       learning……………………………. 181 
                
               Part V. First Language Acquisition……………….. 212 
                   Chapter13: First language acquisition –  
                  A theoretical perspective…………………………. 213 
                
               References………………………………………… 232    
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