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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3, Mar. -2021
COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
IN THE CONTEXT OF IDIOMS AND POLYSEMANTIC VERBS
Sakbaeva Vitaliya Vladimirovna
Termez branch of Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Teacher at “Uzbek Language and Literature” Department.
sakbaevavitavladimirovna@gmail.com, contact number: +99891 230 22 93
ABSTRACT: development of cognitive linguistics, its aims
In this article are represent new and main tasks, its essential provisions and
approaches in studying foreign languages, notions (concept, frame, scenario, gestalt,
on the example of cognitive linguistics, script), different theories and concepts (the
because language offers a window into theory of prototypes, frame semantics),
cognitive function, providing insights into national cultural peculiarities of cognitive
the nature, structure and organization of functioning, methods of cognitive analysis of
thoughts and ideas. The most important language units- are at the core.
way in which cognitive linguistics differs At present time cognitive linguistics is an
from other approaches to the study of independent branch of general linguistics
language, then, is that language is assumed which studies the human mind, thinking and
to reflect certain fundamental properties those mental processes and conditions that are
and design features of the human mind. associated with them etc.
The present research deals with a Cognitive Linguistics is a new approach to
detailed analysis of the verbs. The verbs the study of language which views linguistic
have been analyzed and described from the knowledge as part of general cognition and
point of view of their cognitive linguistic thinking; linguistic behavior is not separated
and stylistic features. from other general cognitive abilities which
Keywords: cognition, humans, language allow mental processes of reasoning, memory,
teaching, idioms, understanding the world, attention or learning, but understood as an
concepts, new approach, development, integral part of it. The ideas of this science are
skills, interaction. traced back to the fundamental works by
famous world linguists Е. Kubryakova, V.
INTRODUCTION: Maslova., Sh. Safarov., J. Lacoff.
The development of cognitive linguistics There are close links observed between
prompted cognitive approach in teaching cognitive linguistics and grammar. Many
languages, which has psycho-linguistic notions of cognitive linguistics, be it repeated,
basement. Cognitive approach helps to find the had long been discussed in general linguistics.
key to the humans mind. Language, more than The questions of cognitive linguistics
culture and society, gives the key of human’s are studied by the following Uzbek scholars: A.
behavior. Many researches are still being Abduazizov, Sh.Safarov, D.Ashurova, N.M.
2
held in different fields of science. In Uzbekistan Djusupov, N.Panjieva and others.
cognitive linguistics was recognized at the The present research deals with a
dawn of XXI century. Problems of interaction of detailed analysis of the verbs. The verbs have
thinking and language, the causes of inception been analyzed and described from the point of
of cognitive science, the history of 298 | P a g e
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3, Mar. -2021
view of their cognitive linguistic and stylistic когнитивной лингвистики// Хорижий
features. филология.-Самарканд:2007.-№3.-С.5-6;
All above-mentioned defines the actuality of Джусупов.Н.М. Лнгвокогнитивный аспект
the theme. исследования символа в художественном
The object of the article is the verbs. тексте.Авт.дисс.к.ф.н.Т.:2006.-29 стр.
The subject of the article is semantic, stylistic, The material of the research work was
functional-stylistic features of verbs from the based on theories and concepts of linguists in
cognitive point of view. the spheres of cognitive linguistics and
The aim of the article is to describe and analyze grammar, a number of dictionaries, original
cognitive features of verbs texts and novels or stories.
The task of the article is to give complete The theoretical value of the article is
information about the functioning of the verbs seen in the fact that it presents some concrete
in English and Russian languages. new solutions to the fundamental problems of
The scientific novelty of the article is seen in cognitive linguistics, their history, evolution,
the fact that the verbs in English and Russian different approaches and views.
languages have been analyzed and described The practical value of the article is in
from the point of view of their cognitive the fact that its materials, results and
linguistic and semantic features. conclusion can be used in the process of
The methodological ground of the article scientific researches in the field of cognitive
consists of theoretical issues of scientists and linguistics, general linguistics, comparative and
linguists in the sphere of сognitive linguistics, typological linguistics, helpful for the teachers,
stylistics, comparative linguistics, culture students of the English philology in teaching
study, history, etc. We have used their books, and learning the courses like practical and
articles and theses dealing with the theme of written English, lexicology and stylistics of the
our investigation. English and Russian languages, translation.
С., Демьянков В. З., Панкрац Ю. Г., Лузина Л. In Uzbekistan cognitive linguistics was
Г. Краткий словарь когнитивных терминов. recognized at the beginning of XXI century. We
М., 1996. 245 с.; .Lakoff G. “Women, fire and should take into consideration that cognitive
dangerous things: What categories reveal linguistics is being developed in different areas
about the mind.”- Chicago: The University of and is characterized by amount of different
Chicago Press, 1987.- 67-p.; Lakoff G. & points of view, approaches and concepts. As Sh.
Johnson M. Safarov mentions in his monograph “Cognitive
“Metaphors We Live By.”- Chicago: The linguistics”, cognitive linguistics is cross -
University of Chicago Press, 1999.- 23-p. disciplinary science which is being one of the
2 Sh.Safarov. “Kognitiv tilshunoslik” – Jizzah: six essential pillars along with philosophy,
Sangzor nashriyoti, 2006.; Панжиева. Н. Н. anthropology, psychology, artificial intelligence
Когнитивный аспект оценочных and neurology. The author pays great attention
номинаций лица в английском и узбекском in his works to one of the key points of the
языках. Автореф.Канд.дисс–Т,.2004.; cognitive linguistics -the concept, and
Asurova.D.U. Cognitive Stylistics: views, considers that concept is a collaboration
approaches, perspectives,//Stylistics in the product of thinking and language. The process
light of modern linguistic trends.papers of of concept emergence in mind and its
scientific practical conference.-Tashkent,2011.- materialization pass several stages:
P.11-14; Абдуазизов.А.А.О составных частях 299 | P a g e
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3, Mar. -2021
1. The appearance of image in the human’s We gain information, knowledge and
mind; concepts through our bodily physical
2. Cognitive processing and reprocessing of experiences. Physical vision, or our ability to
image content in the human’s mind; visually perceive physically existing entities, is
3. Generalization of different concept signs; a kinesthetic phenomenon.
4. Fixation and systematization of concept Visual perception is an act of obtaining any
signs in language memory; kind of concept or knowledge that is visually
5. Verbal materialization of concept and obtainable about some subject of the external-
searching for relevant language unit to physical and the internal- mental world.
designate it; The English verb “to look” is a verb to mean
6. Finding the relevant language unit to visual perception, which is generally
designate the concept by virtue of the considered to be an equivalent of “smotret’
analogy or language forms that are in ”(смотреть) in Russian. Follow the definition:
language memory. To look - verb (used without object)
So, concept is a form of systematization the 1. To turn one's eyes toward something orin
awareness about the surrounding reality, and , some direction in order to see:
the forms of concept representation are : He looked toward the western horizon and saw
frames, scenarios, scripts, gestalts. the returning planes.
Professor Ashurova. D. U emphasizes the circle 2. To glance or gaze in a manner specified: to
of issues to be investigated in cognitive look questioningly at a person.
linguistics: 3. To use one's sight or vision in seeking,
Issues of cognitive style; searching, examining, watching, etc.:
Issues of conceptualization and To look through the papers. - Verb (used with
interpretation of textual information; object) to give (someone) a look: He looked me
5
Cognitive principles of presenting straight in the eye .
information in the text; Russian verb “смотреть” has the following
The theory of nomination and cognitive definition:
principle of relevance; Смотреть, смотрю, смотришь; смотренный;
The theory of cognitive metaphor in несовершенный вид
different types of text; 1. на кого (что) и во что. Направлять
The theory of conceptual integration; взгляд, чтобы увидеть кого-что-нибудь,
The theory of intertextuality; глядеть.
Implicative aspects of textual Смотреть на собеседника. Смотреть в окно.
communication. Смотреть в глаза кому-нибудь
In the study we have determined that (также переносное значение. : о правдивом,
human language represents our cognitive честном взгляде). Смотреть вперёд
system, gives the key to hidden knowledge (также переносное значение. : думать о
background and helps us in representing our будущем, о том, что предстоит).
thoughts and filings. Language consists of 2. кого (что ). Присутствуя где-нибудь и
components such as sounds, morphemes, рассматривая , знакомиться с кем-чем-
words, sentences, and discourse, which are нибудь, изучать. Смотреть картины.
combined or separated, as required, for the Смотреть выставку. Смотреть
purpose of communication. объявление.
300 | P a g e
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 3, Mar. -2021
3. что. То же, что видеть. Смотреть пьесу, quite evident that the object of “to look” is the
фильм, телепередачу. picture.
4. кого (что). Производить осмотр, From the above observation it can be
обследование. Врач смотрит больного. said that when “ to look” is used, the object and
Смотреть пусковой объект. /or the direction of one’s visual line is made
In order to apply one’s power of vision and known from the context beyond a single
direct it towards something, there obviously sentence, though the degree to which the
needs to be an object. This is because it is implied object is specified may vary. It then
generally thought that to complete an activity follows that this, in turn, makes a difference
that is considered as “to look”, it is necessary also in the degree to which one’s visual
for something, an object, to be reflected into capacity was intensified, as well as the
one’s eyes. Nevertheless, there is a group of direction of one’s visual line.
uses “ to look ” that does not ,at least In (1) the eyes were covered to prevent
grammatically , require an object and can be activation of boy’s visual capacity whatsoever.
used in the same manner as intransitive verb On the other hand, in (2) and (3) what is being
as in: profiled is not the intensification of one’s visual
1. The boy covered his eyes because he was capacity, rather, it is the direction of one’s
afraid to look.- Мальчик закрыл глаза, visual line that is being profiled. In (4),since
потому что боялся посмотреть. the implied object of “ to look” is “the text”
2. The children heard some noise and turned which can be either big or small, the movement
around to look. - Дети услышали шум и of the visual line is considered to be profiled if
обернулись, чтобы посмотреть. it is big, and the activation of one’s visual
3. Anvar quietly left the room while mother capacity is profiled if the font is small enough
was not looking.- Анвар тихонько вышел to fit within one’s single field of vision.
из комнаты пока мама не смотрела. All above discussed presents the different
4. If you look carefully, you should be able to semantic domains which profiled or
find some changings in this picture.- Если backgrounded to various degrees depending
вы внимательно посмотрите, то увидите on the context in which “to look” is used . The
некоторые изменения в рисунке. semantic domains of “activation of visual
The verb “to look” in all of above sentences capacity” and “movement of the visual line,”
are “to look,” with the direction or object left however, are always being evoked, indicates
indeterminate, or merely implied by the that these concepts are central to the meaning
context. In the 1st example we only know that of the verb “to look”.
the object of “to look” is “some entity the boy Various other concepts and implications
did not want to look at,” without any clues to are profiled or backgrounded around these
narrow down what exactly that is. In the 2nd central domains according to the context.
one, however the object is more specific, “the Communication is accomplished through
person, dog or may be some other object, mostly unconscious, yet appropriate,
which could make the noise”. On the other adjustment of the meaning of lexical items, to
rd
hand, in 3 sentence it can be assumed that the meet the needs of the given context in the
potential object of “to look” is Anvar. broad sense, including our real world
Therefore, the sentence implies that the visual knowledge, the state of our mental-internal
line of mother was not directed at Anvar when world, and the specific situation in which the
he left the room. Finally in the 4th example, it is lexical items are used. 301 | P a g e
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