Only for Private Circulation 
                              
                              
          Tilak Maharahstra Vidyapeeth 
          Tilak Maharahstra Vidyapeeth 
                   Gultekadi, Pune - 411037 
                   Gultekadi, Pune - 411037 
                              
                              
            Department of Distance Education  
            Department of Distance Education  
                              
                              
                The Structure of  
                Modern English  
                          E-104 
                              
                              
                              
                         Notes 
                              
                                          
              M. A. English – Part 1  
                        INTRODUCTION 
                                
             The  scope  of  the  Distance  Education  System  is  unlimited.  It  has 
         opened avenues of higher education for those who had been denied the 
         opportunity. In the present era when constant updating is the need of the 
         hour,  Distance  Education  is  doing  wonders  with  the  fast  developing 
         communication  technology.  Although  the  students  are  at  distance,  a 
         complete learning experience is provided to them through the Self Learning 
         Material, developed by our expert faculty. 
             It is our great pleasure to hand over to you the learning material of 
         M.A.  -  English  Part  I.  This  year  you  will  be  studying  English  Drama, 
         English Poetry and English Fiction with the help of literary creations of few 
         authors and poets. Along with these areas of English literature you will also 
         make an enquiry into the structure of modern English.  
             We are sure that, even those of you who might be studying M.A. for a 
         material purpose, with the help of this kind of syllabus and learning material, 
         will develop academic interest in all forms of English literature. 
             We take this opportunity to express our gratitude towards Hon'ble 
         Vice-chancellor  Dr.  Deepak  Tilak,  Dean  - Faculty of Distance Education 
         Shri.  Ratnakar  Chandekar  and  the  Registrar  Dr.  Umesh  Keskar  for 
         encouragement, support and guidance provided by them. 
             We are thankful to the Authors - Dr. Madhuri Gokhale, Dr. Rajashree 
         Kulkarni, Dr. Rohit Kawale and Prof. Ravindra Tasilkar for development of 
         this study material. 
             Wish you all the best!        
          
                                          Prof. Neelima Mehta 
                                         Head, Faculty of Distance Education  
                     About the Subject 
                            
           Linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language. This paper aims at 
        making students familiar with various levels of linguistic analysis, namely phonology, 
        morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. It acquaints students with all the basic 
        concepts in different levels of linguistic organization. It is essential to study this paper 
        not just at the theoretical level, but at the practical level as well. 
            There  are  differences  between  native  and  non-native  varieties  of  English. 
        British  English  and  American  English  are  considered  to  be  institutionalized  and 
        systematic varieties of English. However, in the last few decades, it has been observed 
        that  some  of  the  non-native  varieties  of  English  have  also  gained  recognition  and 
        generally they are considered to be worthy of study in their own right. This paper takes 
        a survey of the general nature of British, American and Indian English as Varieties of 
        English.  
           This  paper  also  acquaints  students  with  the  ideology  of  communication.  We  
        hope that this study material would help all the students to develop their linguistic as 
        well as communicative competence. We wish you all the best in this endeavour. 
          
          
                                                                                                           Authors 
                                                                                    
                                                              
          
                                                                                      
                                                                            
          
          
          
              
         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                                          C O N T E N T S  
                           
                           
                           
                          Sr.No.               Chapter                                                                            Page No. 
                           
                           
                          1                    Orientation                                                                        1 - 11 
                           
                          2                    Physiology of Speech                                                               12 - 31 
                           
                          3                    The Morphology of English                                                          32 - 54 
                           
                          4                    Language and Style                                                                 55 - 73 
                           
                          5                    Varieties of English                                                               74 - 96 
                           
                          6                    Pragmatics                                                                         97 - 111 
                           
                          Note – Each chapter contains list of reference books and questions pertaining to that 
                          particular chapter. 
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                                                                                 * * * * *