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J21&JF KD&TN Katakana Alphabet ©The Japan Society & Japan Foundation, KD&TN The Japanese katakana alphabet is a phonetic system which means each Katakana Alphabet symbol has a sound to go with it. You then group the symbols together to make words (much like you do with letters in the English alphabet). Japanese The Japanese katakana alphabet is a phonetic system which means each symbol has a can also be written using the English alphabet by translating these phonetic sound to go with it. You then group the symbols together to make words (much like you do sounds. This is known in Japanese as ‘romaji’ (literally, ‘roman letters’). with letters in the English alphabet). Japanese can also be written using the English alphabet by translating these phonetic sounds. This is known in Japanese as ‘romaji’ (literally, ‘roman There are five basic vowel sounds in Japanese – a, i, u, e, o. If you have a letters’). Japanese teacher, ask them to pronounce the sounds. Alternatively, listen to There are five basic vowel sounds in Japanese – a, i, u, e, o. If you have a Japanese teacher, the soundfiles. ask them to pronounce the sounds. Alternatively, listen to the sound files. There are 15 consonants in Japanese, 14 of which can combine with the There are 15 consonants in Japanese, 14 of which can combine with the vowel sounds to vowel sounds to make syllables – eg. s+a = sa, r+i = ri, m+u = mu, h+e = he, make syllables – eg. s+a = sa, r+i = ri, m+u = mu, h+e = he, t+o = to (listen to the sound t+o = to (listen to the soundfiles). files). ‘n’ nearly always come at the end of a word and will not have a vowel sound ‘n’ nearly always come at the end of a word and will not have a vowel sound added after- added afterwards. wards. The Japanese alphabet doesn’t have all the sounds of English, so ‘l’ and ‘r’ for The Japanese alphabet doesn’t have all the sounds of English, so ‘l’ and ‘r’ for example can cause difficulty. If your name had an ‘l’ sound in it, then you need to pick the nearest sound example can cause difficulty. If your name had an ‘l’ sound in it, then you starting with an ‘r’ to represent it. Alison, for example would sound like ‘A+ri+so+n – Arison need to pick the nearest sound starting with an ‘r’ to represent it. Alison, for ア リ ソ ン ’ . ‘b’ and ‘v’ cause similar problems, with a ‘v’ sound changing to ‘b’ in most cases: example would sound like ‘A+ri+so+n – Arison アリ ソン’ . ‘b’ and ‘v’ cause ‘Vicky – bi+ki - ビキ’, although a representation of the ‘v’ sound has been developed and is similar problems, with a ‘v’ sound changing to ‘b’ in most cases: ‘Vicky – bi+ki becoming increasingly popular - ヴィ , so Vicky would be ヴィ キ. ビキ - ’, although a representation of the ‘v’ sound has been developed and is ヴィ ヴィキ becoming increasingly popular - , so Vicky would be . If your name has a long vowel sound, then you can add a line to show that it is a long sound. Lee for example would be ‘ri- リ ー’ If your name has a long vowel sound, then you can add a line to show that it リー is a long sound. Lee for example would be ‘ri- ’ Look at the table below and practise the alphabet. Note that there are several exceptions to the rules when it comes to how the symbols are pronounced. Look at the table below and practise the alphabet. Note that there are several exceptions to the rules when it comes to how the symbols are pronounced. オ o エ e ウ u イ i ア a コ ko ケ ke ク ku キ ki カ ka k ソ so セ se ス su シ shi サ sa s ト to テ te ツ tsu チ chi タ ta t ノ no ネ ne ヌ nu 二 ni ナ na n ホ ho へ he フ fu ヒ hi ハ ha h モ mo メ me ム mu ミ mi マ ma m ヨ yo エ e ユ yu イ i ヤ ya y ロ ro レ re ル ru リ ri ラ ra r ヲ wo エ e ウ u イ i ワ wa w ン - n ©The Japan Society & Japan Foundation, KD&TN J21&JF KD&TN J21&JF KD&TN o e u i a o e u i a go ge gu gi ga g ゴ go ゲ ge グ gu ギ gi ガ ga g ゴ ゲ グ ギ ガ zo ze zu ji za z ゾ zo ゼ ze ズ zu ジ ji ザ za z ゾ ゼ ズ ジ ザ do de zu ji da d ド do デ de ズ zu ジ ji ダ da d ド デ ズ ジ ダ bo be bu bi ba b ボ bo べ be ブ bu ビ bi バ ba b ボ べ ブ ビ バ po pe pu pi pa p ポ po ぺ pe プ pu ピ pi パ pa p ポ ぺ プ ピ パ Some of the syllables can be further combined to make additional sounds. Some of the syllables can be further combined to make additional sounds. Some of the syllables can be further combined to make additional sounds. Have a look at the Have a look at the table below – are there any sounds here that are in your Have a look at the table below – are there any sounds here that are in your table below – are there any sounds here that are in your name? name? name? yo yu ya yo yu ya kyo kyu kya ki キョ kyo キュ kyu キャ kya ki キョ キュ キャ sho shu sha shi ショ sho シュ shu シャ sha shi ショ シュ シャ cho chu cha chi チョ cho チュ chu チャ cha chi チョ チュ チャ nyo nyu nya ni ニョ nyo ニュ nyu ニャ nya ni ニョ ニュ ニャ hyo hyu hya hi ヒョ hyo ヒュ hyu ヒャ hya hi ヒョ ヒュ ヒャ myo myu mya mi ミョ myo ミュ myu ミャ mya mi ミョ ミュ ミャ ryo ryu rya ri リョ ryo リュ ryu リャ rya ri リョ リュ リャ gyo gyu gya gi ギョ gyo ギュ gyu ギャ gya gi ギョ ギュ ギャ ジョ jo jo ジュ juju ジャ ja ja ji ji ジョ ジュ ジャ byo byu bya bi ビョ byo ビュ byu ビャ bya bi ビョ ビュ ビャ pyo pyu pya pi ピョ pyo ピュ pyu ピャ pya pi ピョ ピュ ピャ Here are a few more sounds – they are not commonly used in Japanese, Here are a few more sounds – they are not commonly used in Japanese, Here are a few more sounds – they are not commonly used in Japanese, other than for loan other than for loan words which have entered the Japanese language. other than for loan words which have entered the Japanese language. words which have entered the Japanese language. Perhaps there may be some sounds that Perhaps there may be some sounds that you use in your name? Perhaps there may be some sounds that you use in your name? you use in your name? ディ デュ ウィ ウェ ウォ ディ デュ ウィ ウェ ウォ ウィ ウェ ウォ ディ デュ di du wi we wo di du wi we wo di du wi we wo ツァ ツェ ツォ クァ ツァ ツェ ツォ クァ クァ ツァ ツェ ツォ tsa tse tso kwa tsa tse tso kwa kwa tsa tse tso ヴァ ヴィ ヴ ヴェ ヴォ ヴァ ヴィ ヴ ヴェ ヴォ ファ フィ フェ フォ ヴァ ヴィ ヴ ヴェ ヴォ va vi vu ve vo va vi vu ve vo fa fi fe fo va vi vu ve vo ティ ティ ティ ti ti ti ファ フィ フェ フォ ファ フィ フェ フォ fa fi fe fo fa fi fe fo
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