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                                                                      Korean alphabet a to z with english translation
    Some of the best advice you can get when you start translating to and from English or Spanish is to translate for meaning rather than to translate words. Sometimes what you want to translate will be straightforward enough that there won't be much difference between the two approaches. But more often than not, paying attention to what someone is saying — not just the words
    the person is using — will pay off in doing a better job of conveying the idea that someone is trying to get across. When translating from one language to another, aim for conveying the meaning rather than translating individual words.Literal translations often fall short because they can fail to take into account the context and nuances of meaning.There is often no single "best"
    translation, so two translators can legitimately differ on their word choices. One example of an approach you might take in translating can be seen in the answer to a question that a reader raised via email about an article that used to appear on this site: When you're translating from one language to another, how do you decide which word to use? I'm asking because I saw
    recently that you translated llamativas as "bold," but that isn't one of the words listed when I looked up that word in the dictionary. The question referred to my translation of the sentence "¿La fórmula revolucionaria para obtener pestañas llamativas?" (taken from a Spanish-language Maybelline mascara ad) as "The revolutionary formula for getting bold eyelashes?" The writer was
    correct was correct that dictionaries don't give "bold" as a possible translation, but "bold" at least is closer in concept to the dictionary definition of what I used in my first draft: Then I used "thick," which isn't even close to any standard of llamativo. Let me explain the various philosophies of translation before discussing that particular word. In general, it can be said that there are two
    extreme approaches in the way one can translate from one language to another. The first is seeking a literal translation, sometimes known as formal equivalence, in which an attempt is made to translate using the words that correspond as exactly as possible in the two languages, allowing, of course, for the grammatical differences but without paying a great deal of attention to
    context. A second extreme is paraphrasing, sometimes called making a free or loose translation. One problem with the first approach is that literal translations can be awkward. For example, it might seem more "exact" to translate the Spanish obtener as "to obtain," but most of the time "to get" will do just as well and sounds less pretentious. An obvious problem with paraphrasing
    is that the translator may not accurately convey the intent of the speaker, especially where precision of language is required. So many of the best translations take a middle ground, sometimes known as dynamic equivalence — trying to convey the thoughts and intent behind the original as close as possible, veering from the literal where needed to do so. In the sentence that led
    to the reader's question, the adjective llamativo doesn't have an exact equivalent in English. It is derived from the verb llamar (sometimes translated as "to call"), so broadly speaking it refers to something that calls attention to itself. Dictionaries usually provide translations such as "gaudy," "showy," "brightly colored," "flashy," and "loud" (as in a loud shirt). However, some of those
    translations have somewhat negative connotations — something certainly not intended by the writers of the ad. The others don't work well for describing eyelashes. My first translation was a paraphrase; mascara is designed to make eyelashes appear thicker and therefore more noticeable, so I went with "thick." After all, in English that's a common way to describe the kind of
    eyelashes that Maybelline customers would want. But upon reflection, that translation seemed inadequate. This mascara, another part of the ad pointed out, not only makes the eyelashes look thicker, but also longer and exageradas or "exaggerated." I considered alternative ways of expressing llamativas, but "attractive" seemed a bit too weak for an advertisement, "enhanced"
    seemed too formal, and "attention-getting" seemed to convey the thought behind the Spanish word in this context but didn't seem quite right for an ad. So I went with "bold." It seemed to me to do a good job of stating the purpose of the product and is also a short word with a positive connotation that might work well in an ad. (If I had wanted to go for an extremely loose
    interpretation, I might have tried "What's the secret to having eyelashes people will notice?") A different translator very well might have used a different word, and there very well could be words that would work better. In fact, another reader suggested "striking" — a great choice. But translation is often more art than science, and that can involve judgment and creativity at least as
    much as it does knowing the "right" words. By Elizabeth Carrillo Adobe Systems created the term "portable document format," or PDF. A PDF uses a universal file format system. When it comes to documents in Spanish, it can be time consuming and/or expensive to find a book or document in Spanish. A relatively large number of books and documents in Spanish can be
    accessed through a PDF search. The best approaches for translating a Spanish PDF text to English is to do it yourself with an online translation service or hire a professional. Open the PDF document. Adobe Acrobat Reader is the required program for opening PDF documents. Download it for free. Copy and paste the web page address of the PDF into an online translation
    service, such as Google Translate. The service is free and does not require any type of program download. If the program doesn't identify the original language of the PDF, choose Spanish. Select English as the target language, or the desired language for the PDF. The translation is virtually instantaneous. Save the translation as a document. While the translation can give the
    reader a strong sense of the contents of the PDF, the translation may not be 100 percent accurate. This is because of the immediate and automatic nature of the translation. Hire a professional translator. The translator should be certified through an organization such as the American Translators Association. Professional translators charge a certain fee per word into the target
    language. Send the PDF link or a hard copy to the translator. She will analyze the document and create a price quote, as well as an estimated completion date. Pay the translator upon completion of the project. Most professional translators accept cash, credit cards or PayPal for payment. Diego Schtutman/Shutterstock Benjamin Franklin reportedly wanted to banish C from the
    alphabet—along with J, Q, W, and X—and replace them with six letters he invented himself. Doing so, Franklin claimed, would simplify the English language. Word nerds will appreciate these grammar jokes. camilla$$/Shutterstock Contrary to popular belief, the letter D in D-day does not stand for “doom” or “disaster”—it simply stands for “day.” The military marks important
    operations and invasions with a D as a placeholder. (So June 5, 1944, was D-1.) Check out more history lessons your teacher lied to you about. Sky Motion/ShutterstockMeet the “Smith” of the English alphabet—e is used more often than any other letter. It appears in 11 percent of all words, according to an analysis of more than 240,000 entries in the Concise Oxford English
    Dictionary. Did you know there used to be six more letters in our alphabet? Luca Pape/ShutterstockAnyone educated in today’s school system knows that the lowest grade you can get is an F. The low-water mark, however, used to be represented by the letter E. When Mount Holyoke College administrators re​designed the grading system in 1898, professors worried that students
    would think the grade meant “excellent.” According to Slate, F more obviously stands for “failure” or “failed.” Arlo Magicman/ShutterstockBoth G and C were originally represented by the Phoenician symbol for gimel, which meant “camel.” It was the Romans who finally separated the two letters, letting C keep its shape and adding a bar at the bottom for the letter G. Ulf
    Wittrock/ShutterstockH might be the most hated letter in Britain, according to Michael Rosen, author of Alphabetical: How Every Letter Tells a Story. For almost two thousand years, Brits have pronounced H two ways: ‘aitch’ and ‘haitch.’ Accents that dropped the H from words were once considered lower class, Rosen writes. What’s more, different pronunciations of the letter also
    distinguished the Catholics from the Protestants in Northern Ireland. nimon/ShutterstockFunny enough, the dot over the letters “i” and “j” actually has a name. It is called a tittle. Happy Stock Photo/ShutterstockWith the possible exception of L (see below), K is the most notorious letter in sports. It’s how baseball fans record a strikeout. (When the first box score was written back in
    1859, S was used to indicate a sacrifice; K was plucked from the end of struck.) antpkr/ShutterstockThe NFL has traditionally used Roman ​numerals to denote the number of the Big Game, but for the 50th Super Bowl, they decided to go with just the number 50. Why? Sports fans use the letters W and L as shorthand for “win” and “loss.” Because the Roman numeral for 50 is L,
    the NFL worried that Super Bowl L would be, in PR terms, a big loser. Tamerlan Aliyev/ShutterstockThe letter n was originally associated with water—the Phoenician word for n was nun, which later became the Aramaic word for “fish.” In fact, the capital N got its shape because it was a pictorial representation of a crashing wave. Itsaret Sutthisiri/ShutterstockOnly four letters (A, E,
    O, L) are doubled at the beginning of a word (aardvark, eel, ooze, llama, etc.), and more words start with double O than any others in the English language. But here’s why no words have the same letter three times in a row. futureGalore/ShutterstockThis may be the most versatile letter in English. It’s the only consonant that needs no help in forming a word sandwich with any
    vowel: pap, pep, pip, pop, pup. Jiri Hera/ShutterstockThe letter R is sometimes referred to as the “littera canina,” or canine letter. In Latin, the way speakers trilled the R sounded like a growling dog. William Shakespeare even gave the letter a shout-out in his play Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet’s nurse calls the letter R “the dog’s name” in Act 2, scene 4. siro46/ShutterstockThe
    English alphabet briefly included a typographical letter called a “long s.” Used from the late Renaissance to the early 1800s, it resembled the letter ‘f’ but was pronounced simply as ‘s.’ You’ll see it in various manuscripts written by the Founding Fathers, including the Bill of Rights. Maridav/ShutterstockThe term “T-shirt” got its name for the ‘T’ shape of the body and sleeves. It is a
    relatively new word, too. According to TodayIFoundOut, F. Scott Fitzgerald was reportedly the first person to print the term “T-shirt” in 1920, when the main character in his novel This Side of Paradise brings a T-shirt with him to boarding school. adike/ShutterstockBefore the 1500s, u and v were used interchangeably as a vowel or a consonant. A French educational reformer
    helped change that in 1557 when he started using u exclusively as a vowel and v as the consonant. WAYHOME studio/ShutterstockV is the only letter in the English language that is never silent, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Think about it: Even unusual letters like Z and J are silent in words we have borrowed from foreign languages, such as marijuana (originally a
    Spanish word) and laissez-faire (French). haveseen/ShutterstockIf you have ever wondered why we call it a “double-u” instead of “double-v,” you’re not alone. However, the explanation is surprisingly simple. Because the Latin alphabet did not have a letter to represent the sound /w/ in Old English, 7th-century scribes just wrote it as ‘uu.’ The double-u symbol eventually meshed
    together to form the letter W. To sound even smarter, follow these little grammar rules every day. Triff/ShutterstockFrom “X marks the spot” to “solve for x,” this is the go-to letter to represent something unknown. The idea is believed to have come from mathematician René Descartes, who used the last three letters of the alphabet to represent unknown quantities in his book The
    Geometry. He chose a, b, and c to stand for known quantities. UVgreen/ShutterstockThe switch-hitter in the alphabet, y functions as both a vowel and a consonant. The Oxford English Dictionary actually calls it a semivowel because while the letter stops your breath in words such as yell and young—making it a consonant—it also creates an open vocal sound in words such as
    myth or hymn. Leon RafaelBelieve it or not, the letter Z has not always been the last letter of the alphabet; in the Greek alphabet, it had a respectable place at number seven. Don’t miss these other 100 random facts about basically everything. Originally Published: October 08, 2018
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