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P1: FCH CU097-FM CU097-Huddleston.cls February 7, 2002 22:31 TheCambridge Grammar of the English Language RodneyHuddleston Geoffrey K. Pullum in collaboration with Laurie Bauer Betty Birner Ted Briscoe Peter Collins David Denison David Lee Anita Mittwoch Geoffrey Nunberg Frank Palmer John Payne Peter Peterson Lesley Stirling Gregory Ward iii P1: FCH CU097-FM CU097-Huddleston.cls February 7, 2002 22:31 publishedbythepresssyndicateoftheuniversityofcambridge ThePittBuilding, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridgeuniversitypress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb2 2ru,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,ny 10011-4211,USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia ´ Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014Madrid, Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown,8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org C CambridgeUniversityPress2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollective licensing agreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom by William Clowes Ltd, Beccles, Suffolk A Typefaces Adobe Minion 10/13 pt & ffTheSans System L TX2ε [tb] E Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Huddleston, RodneyD. TheCambridgegrammaroftheEnglishlanguage/ RodneyHuddleston,GeoffreyK.Pullum p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0521 43146 8 (hardback) 1. English language – Grammar. i. Pullum, Geoffrey K. ii. Title. pe1106.h74 2002 425–dc21 2001025630 isbn 0521 43146 8 (hardback) i P1: FCH CU097-FM CU097-Huddleston.cls February 7, 2002 22:31 v Contents List of contributors vi Notational conventions x Tree diagrams xiii Preface xv 1 Preliminaries 1 GeoffreyK.Pullumand RodneyHuddleston 2 Syntacticoverview 43 RodneyHuddleston 3 Theverb 71 RodneyHuddleston 4 Theclause:complements 213 RodneyHuddleston 5 Nounsandnounphrases 323 JohnPayneand RodneyHuddleston 6 Adjectivesandadverbs 525 GeoffreyK.Pullumand RodneyHuddleston 7 Prepositionsandprepositionphrases 597 GeoffreyK.Pullumand RodneyHuddleston 8 Theclause:adjuncts 663 AnitaMittwoch,RodneyHuddleston,and PeterCollins 9 Negation 785 GeoffreyK.Pullumand RodneyHuddleston 10 Clausetypeandillocutionaryforce 851 RodneyHuddleston 11 Contentclausesandreportedspeech 947 RodneyHuddleston 12 Relativeconstructionsandunboundeddependencies 1031 RodneyHuddleston,GeoffreyK.Pullum,and PeterPeterson 13 Comparativeconstructions 1097 RodneyHuddleston 14 Non-finiteandverblessclauses 1171 RodneyHuddleston 15 Coordinationandsupplementation 1273 RodneyHuddleston,JohnPayne,and PeterPeterson 16 Informationpackaging 1363 GregoryWard,BettyBirner,and RodneyHuddleston 17 Deixisandanaphora 1449 Lesley Stirling and Rodney Huddleston 18 Inflectional morphologyandrelatedmatters 1565 FrankPalmer,RodneyHuddleston,and GeoffreyK.Pullum 19 Lexical word-formation 1621 Laurie Bauer and Rodney Huddleston 20 Punctuation 1723 GeoffreyNunberg,TedBriscoe,and RodneyHuddleston Further reading 1765 Index 1779 Lexical index 1780 Conceptual index 1813 P1: HEF CU097-01 CU097-Huddleston.cls February 7, 2002 21:2 1 Preliminaries GeoffreyK.Pullum RodneyHuddleston 1 Theaimofthisbook 2 2 Prescriptivism,tradition,andthejustificationofgrammars 5 2.1 Prescriptive and descriptive approaches: goals and coverage 5 2.2 Disagreementbetweendescriptivist and prescriptivist work 6 3 Speechandwriting 11 3.1 Therepresentation of English pronunciation 13 3.1.1 Rhotic and non-rhotic accents 13 3.1.2 An accent-neutral phonological representation 14 3.2 Pronunciation and spelling 17 4 Theoreticalframework 18 4.1 Description and theory 18 4.2 Basic concepts in syntax 20 4.2.1 Constituent structure 20 4.2.2 Syntactic categories 21 4.2.3 Grammatical constructions and functions 23 4.3 Morphology,inflectional and lexical 26 4.4 Defininggrammaticalconcepts 28 5Semantics,pragmatics,andmeaningrelations 33 5.1 Truth conditions and entailment 34 5.2 Non-truth-conditional aspects of sentence meaning 36 5.3 Pragmatics and conversational implicatures 37 5.4 Pragmatic presupposition 40 1
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